•244 
CALCULI IN THE KIDNEYS OF A COW. 
but the urine continues the same. I fear that this is a treacherous 
calm, for her symptoms too plainly indicate the presence of a cal- 
culus in the pelvis of one of the kidneys. I have examined the 
bladder, per rectum, but there was no calculus there. She has 
also a great disposition to eat dirt still remaining. Reflecting on 
this, and she still continuing in fair and good condition for the 
butcher, I advised that she should be slaughtered. The owner un- 
hesitatingly complied with my request. 
Post-mortem appearances . — The contents of the thorax were 
perfectly healthy. The stomachs, intestines, spleen, omentum, 
and liver were also sound. The adipose membrane covering the 
surrounding fat of the kidneys was inflamed. There was consi- 
derable absorption of the adeps, which had a flabby tallow-like 
appearance. The investing membrane of the left kidney was 
highly inflamed, and the kidney itself considerably enlarged. 
Patches of inflammation appeared on the cortical portion of its 
anterior lobes. The pelvis of this kidney, when cut into, was 
found to be filled with purulent matter and sand}'’ concretions. 
The whole of the tubes of the kidneys contained pus of different 
colours — some being of a pink, some having a yellow hue ; but 
being of a thick and tough consistence, somewhat resembling the 
white blood found in the heart and large bloodvessels after death 
from inflammation of the lungs. The tubes of the kidney, before 
terminating in the ureter, were very much enlarged in calibre. 
The calculi found in the pelvis of the kidney weighed about 
half a drachm. They were of an irregularly formed porous cha- 
racter, and of a sandy consistence — the outside of a deep, and the 
inside of a light brown colour, and varying in size from a pin’s 
head to a horse-bean. 
The ureters were greatly enlarged and thickened, and contained 
some deep brown thick matter. 
The peritoneal coat of the bladder was considerably inflamed. 
The villous coat was inflamed, thickened, and thrown into rugae. 
The mucous coat of the inferior part of the bladder was studded 
with scirrhous excrescences, some as large as a pigeon’s egg, and 
all firmly united together, and covered with a thin vascular mem- 
brane. They were shaped like the excrescences in the greasy 
heels of horses. The ovaries were diseased, which is frequently 
the case in cows that have borne several calves. 
The right kidney I did not examine, the butcher objecting to it, 
having sold it with the loin. It could not have been in so bad a 
state as the other, for the fat looked healthy, and the whole was of 
the ordinary size. The ureter however, diseased, and containing 
some purulent matter, was clearly seen. 
The proprietor assured me that the cow had been apparently 
