THE TURBINATED BONES IN QUADRUPEDS. 277 
the divisions between the cells are thinner, and the perforations 
more numerous. 
In the Sheep also the lower turbinated bone exceeds the upper 
both in length and bulk. It fills up the whole of the nasal cavity, 
accounting for the readiness with which the respiration of the sheep 
becomes distressingly laborious when he is a little hurried. The 
convolutions in the lower ethmoid bones of this animal are double, 
with a septum between them, in order to give them strength, de- 
prived, as they in some measure are, of the protection afforded by 
the nasal bone in the horse and the ox. The perforations in both 
the turbinated bones are more thickly set than in the ox, and they 
are continued not only through the convoluted portions, but through 
the septum*. 
In the Goat — a wilder animal than the sheep, and requiring a 
still acuter sense of smell — the number of perforations are still 
greater than in the sheep. 
In the Deer, the perforations are so exceedingly minute as to 
vie with the finest lace in delicacy of fabric. The older physio- 
logists, and even those of highest repute, imagined that the sub- 
orbital sinuses in the deer were connected with the sense of smell. 
Sir Busick Harwood says that “ the deer is distinguished by a 
peculiarity of formation which may probably be conducive to the 
subtility of the organ of smell. Between the internal angle of the 
eye and the ridge of the nose there is a space irregularly quad- 
rangular, over which a strong membrane is spread, which performs 
the office of bone in covering and protecting the cavity beneath. 
This cavity does not communicate. with the nostril by means of a 
small aperture, as is usual in the sinuses of other animals, but is en- 
tirely laid open to it throughout its whole extent, which is portioned 
out into different cells or bony plates, either perforated or reticulated. 
Similarity of structure and unimpeded connexion leave but little 
doubt as to the use of the partt.” Tiedemann approaches to the 
real character and function of the part, when he says that “ In many 
ruminantia, especially those of the genus cervus and antelopes, 
there is a pit on each side beneath the internal angle of the eye, 
leading to a chink, and having its skin furnished with follicles, 
which secrete a somewhat thick, viscid and fatty liquidf. 
Mr. Bennett, the secretary to the Zoological Society, and by 
whose premature death zoology and its associate sciences suffered 
an irreparable loss, in one of those interesting evening meetings 
which take place at the museum, more satisfactorily illustrated the 
matter. He was speaking of the series of antelopes in the mena- 
gerie, and particularly of the Indian antelope, whose large cutane- 
* Harwood, p. 18. f lb. p. 20. f Tiedemann’s Physiology, p. 209. 
