414 
REVIEW. 
menaced blow. They exhibit the same distortions of agony after 
the infliction of it. The bruise, or the burn, or the fracture, or the 
deep incision, or the fierce encounter with one of equal or superior 
strength, just affects them similarly to ourselves. Their blood circu- 
lates as ours ; they have pulsations in various parts of the body, 
like ours ; they sicken, and they grow feeble with age, and finally 
they die, just as we do. They possess the same feeling, and, 
what exposes them to like suffering from another quarter, they 
possess the same instinct with our own species. The lioness rob- 
bed of her whelps causes the wilderness to ring aloud with the 
proclamations of her wrongs ; or the bird whose little household has 
been stolen, fills and saddens all the grove with melodies of the 
deepest pathos. All this is palpable to the general and unlearned 
eye ; and when the physiologist lays open the recesses of their sys- 
tem, by means of that scalpel under whose operation they just 
shrink and are convulsed as any living subject of our own species, 
there stands forth to view the same sentient apparatus, and furnish- 
ed with the same conductors for the transmission of feeling to every 
minutest pore upon the surface.” This passage is most truly elo- 
quent, and Dr. Styles has shewn his judgment in selecting it as the 
foundation, and, in fact, the sum and substance of his Essay. 
There is no writer who has so eloquently and powerfully written 
on this part of the subject as Mr. Youatt. After alluding to the 
usefulness and good qualities of the inferior animals generally, he 
confines himself more particularly to the domesticated animals 
which surround us. He then describes the beautiful adaptation of 
each to the precise situation which he occupies — shews the many 
common points among them — that “ each has a heart to circulate the 
blood through the veins, and lungs to purify and fit it for the 
purposes of life. Each has a brain and nerves of various systems 
connected with the intellect of the animal, or with the general func- 
tions of life.” It is impossible in a paper of this kind to follow out 
this author in any portion of his work bearing on the subject. 
He takes a firm and sure ground at the very commencement, by 
asserting that 
“ All are but parts of one stupendous whole.” 
“Each is independent of the others, and yet linked with his 
fellows — each possesses memory and reason — each is capable of 
acquiring knowledge from experience, and of devising means for 
the accomplishment of particular ends — each is perfect in the sta- 
tion in which he is placed, and, possessing this degree of know- 
ledge, perfect so far as that animal is concerned ; consequently he 
has a claim on our kindness, and deserves not ill usage and cruelty. 
Every animal — the horse, the dog, the ox, the sheep, the wasp, 
and the bee — is perfect in its kind ; and there are certain faculties 
