57*2 REVIEW. — CATTLE PATHOLOGY. 
of inflammation, but, still more, to prevent or to remedy those 
stagnations of the blood so frequent in the diseases of this animal, 
and particularly in the typhoid affections to which he is subject, 
yet, with respect to the quantity to be abstracted, regard must 
always be had to various points, namely, the capacity of the 
chest — the peculiar constitution, the age, the climate, the kind 
of food, and also to the development and the concentration of the 
pulse, the continuance of the disease, and the extent to which 
injury has been done to or threatens the morbid part. 
“ It is, most of all, necessary that the bleeding should be em- 
ployed opportunely, for it is almost always injurious to the ox 
when it is tardily practised, and even in inflammatory diseases, w’hen 
they are beginning to assume a chronic form. I long practised 
veterinary medicine in Poitou, and I have seen many sick cattle in 
Languedoc. I could take from the cattle of Gascony, and a great 
part of the south, a quantity of blood which would have infallibly 
killed those of Poitou, Y Anjou, and Brittany. I do not think that 
bleeding is attended by any revulsive effect, as has been often as- 
serted; but I believe that it establishes an equilibrium, by inducing 
capillary absorption in the mesh-work of the tissues. The place 
at which the bleeding is practised is far from indifferent. In serious 
cases, after having made one general bleeding, we ought to localize, 
as much as possible, the abstraction of blood. Bleeding is often 
indispensable in young cattle that are in high condition. We 
ought to be more circumspect, more averse to part with blood, when 
a beast is very fat than when he is in good and healthy condition. 
“ Much has been written with regard to the temperament of cattle. 
It is said to be sanguineous, or nervous, or muscular, or lymphatic, 
according as either of these systems predominate^. There is in 
every man, and in every beast, a certain conformation, or a certain 
physiognomy corresponding with his peculiar temperament, and 
that temperament has much influence on the production and the 
continuance of health and disease. It may be modified by age, 
but it is a powerful predisposing cause of both of them. 
“ No rules, however, can be laid down as to the temperament of 
these animals. It is all relative. Some writers, considering the 
predominance and the development of the lymphatic system — 
the abundance of cellular tissue — the little development of the 
thorax, the amplitude of the belly, and the relaxed constitution 
which characterizes certain breeds of cattle, have thought that all 
these animals possessed a temperament essentially lymphatic. 
Others, placed among breeds more happily, formed, as in the south, 
where the thorax is large, and the hepatic venous system highly 
developed, and the vital energy more fully and strikingly pro- 
nounced, and the abstraction of blood in various diseases being at- 
tended with evident and essential benefit, recognize in this animal 
