REVIEW. — CATTLE PATHOLOGY. 
573 
the true sanguine temperament. If, however, we consider the 
smallness of the heart in the ox, compared with the bulk of 
his frame, the deficient development of his arterial system — the 
multiplicity and extent of the vascular-lymphatic system — the 
abundance of cellular and adipose texture — the tardiness of every 
movement — the tendency of his diseases to assume a chronic cha- 
racter, the difficulty of establishing suppuration in him in case of 
abscess— and, in low and marshy countries, the evident feebleness of 
the vital energy — these circumstances sufficiently prove the essen- 
tial temperament of the animal, and read an useful lesson to the 
practitioner as to the course which he has to pursue. Yet there 
are exceptions even to this in the mountains of Auvergne, and the 
plains of La Vendee, the valleys of Normandy, and the rich pas- 
tures of the Garonne, and of Lot. 
“ The castration of the males at the age of six or nine months, or a 
year, likewise modifies the temperament of the ox, diminishes his 
vital energy, and disposes him more readily to submit to the influ- 
ence of the lymphatic temperament which is natural to him. 
“ There is a special character about the pathology of the ox. His 
diseases and their symptoms have peculiar characters, compared 
with those of the horse or the dog. They have mostly refer- 
ence to the digestive organs, on account of the enormous develop- 
ment of these viscera. 
“ The diseases referrible to the nervous system have also a pecu- 
liar character in the ox. Far more than in the horse they assume the 
character of paralysis, vertigo, and similar diseases. To this also 
we trace the frequency of syncope during and after bleeding. It is 
this which predisposes calves, and bulls, and heifers, and some 
cows to attacks of the pestilential fever of Hungary, and to the gan- 
grenous ulceration of the marsh. To natural feebleness of the con- 
stitution we trace the frequency of tubercular affection in the 
ox, induration, and scirrhus, and cancer closely following almost 
every inflammatory disease ; and this will also account for the 
slowness with which setons and vesicatories act, and the little effect 
which they produce, even when they are stimulated to action. 
“ Finally, in this way we explain the fact, that the maladies of 
these animals take on so treacherous a character as they do, and 
so easily impose on young veterinarians. A deceitful calm, a 
species of insensibility, a degree of stupidity, mask affections of 
the most serious character, especially inflammations of the digestive 
organs, such as enteritis and dysentery. The experienced sur- 
geon, however, is soon compelled to regard the concentration of the 
pulse, and the false appearance of the absence of pain of every 
kind, as indications of the most serious and fatal character.” 
After this the Professor distributes the different diseases of 
cattle according to the organs which they attack. Lie commences 
VOL. XII. " 4 F 
