REVIEW— CATTLE PATHOLOGY. 
577 
animal appears to suffer much intestinal pain, he gives him twelve 
or fifteen grains of opium dissolved in warm water, or else the 
liquid laudanum of Sydenham. He, nevertheless, loses many 
patients. In these fatal cases the prostration of strength and the 
loss of flesh are most rapid — a foetid odour is exhaled from the ani- 
mal — the mouth is black and infectious, and blood mingled with 
infectious mucus is discharged from the anus. Bark and gentian 
are also indicated from the moment that this disease makes its 
appearance. These cases must not be confounded with the com- 
mon glossanthrax, or blain — the existence of large vesicles along 
and under the tongue. That is an inflammatory disease, and 
requires the most active treatment. It plainly indicates bleeding, 
which would, in epidemic aphthae, be attended by certain, and, 
perhaps, sudden death. 
This disease is more prevalent in the autumn than at any other 
period of the year, and particularly in September and October ; 
also when hot and dry weather suddenly succeeds to cold. Close 
foggy weather is too favourable to its development. The preserva- 
tive measures are, to withdraw the animals from the influence of 
these causes — to move them from the low pastures — not to turn 
them out in the morning until the dew is off the ground, and 
they have eaten a little dry food. In beasts that are somewhat 
above their proper condition, a slight bleeding from the jugular 
might be useful, and white water, acidified by a little nitre or 
cream of tartar. 
He has a peculiar mode of treatment for the patients which, at this time 
of the year, came under his care. If there was inflammation and intense 
redness of the mouth, with general turgescence of the lips and muzzle, he bled, 
gave gruel, emollient honied gargles, mild and wholesome food of easy diges- 
tion — as cabbages, potatoes, and bran — and, the case being taken in time, he 
usually effected a cure. 
In a second variety, and in which the symptoms were more violent, and 
when the aphthae were confluent and the ulcers deep, he, at first, endeavoured 
to calm the irritation by bleeding, fomentation, and a cooling regimen. 
He cauterized the ulcers with the Eau de Rabel , somewhat diminished in 
strength, and ordered them to be cleansed twice in the day with a decoction 
of barley acidulated and honied. After that he sustained the strength of the 
oxen and cows by the thickest gruel, and that of the horses by bread or thick 
gruel, and it was not often that he lost an animal. 
In the third class, which included the oxen, calves, and young horses that 
were in a state of cacochymatous poverty, he had a more serious complaint to 
struggle with. Ulcers with a grey- coloured base, and which bled at the least 
touch, rapidly multiplied ; the odour of the gangrenous ichor which ran from 
them was highly infectious, and the prostration of strength was rapid and 
complete. 
In these cases, fortunately rare, he was enabled to save a few of the cattle 
and colts by the following means. After having cleaned and scraped them, 
he cauterized the aphthous ulcers with the concentrated Eau de Rabel , or, 
sometimes, with muriatic acid; for he wanted to prevent, at all risks, 
either the deglutition or the absorption of the purulent ichor from the 
ulcers. He then freely injected into the mouth a decoction of gentian, 
