514 
Fishery Bulletin 96(3), 1998 
tion of additional management areas was the possi- 
bility of localized depletion of Atka mackerel by the 
fishery given the presumed localized distribution of 
this species and the localized, highly concentrated 
fishery effort. This study shows that genetically dis- 
tinct populations of Atka mackerel do not exist in 
this area, and therefore a significant amount of gene 
flow may occur among locales within this species. 
However, gene flow is presumably occurring during 
the early life stages (larval, juvenile) and is depen- 
dent on dispersal by currents. The potential for lo- 
calized depletion by the fishery at the adult stage is 
still a concern. Until we have a better understand- 
ing of the dispersal and distribution mechanisms 
affecting Atka mackerel early life stages, manage- 
ment strategies should strive to spread out fishing 
effort to help reduce the potential for localized deple- 
tion. We conclude that despite the genetic homog- 
enization, the phenotypic variation in adult Atka mack- 
erel warrants consideration by fishery managers. 
Acknowledgments 
We acknowledge the field biologists on surveys who 
accommodated our sampling plan and painstaking 
collected the biological samples, in particular, Bill 
Flerx, Michael Martin, and Robin Harrison. This 
work would not be possible without their efforts. We 
also thank David Kuligowski for his laboratory as- 
sistance in processing the genetic samples and Lowell 
Fritz, Dan Kimura, Anne Hollowed, and three anony- 
mous reviewers, whose reviews of our manuscript 
improved it considerably. 
Literature cited 
Aebersold, P. B., G. A. Winans, D. J. Teel, G. B., Milner, 
and F. M. Utter. 
1987. Manual for starch gel electrophoresis: a method for 
the detection of genetic variation. U.S. Dep. Conimer., 
NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 61, 19 p. 
Anderl, D. M., A. Nishimura, and S. A. Lowe. 
1996. Is the first annulus on the otolith of the Atka mack- 
erel, Pleurogrammus monop terygius, missing? Fish. Bull. 
94:163-169. 
Avise, J. C. 
1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. 
Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, 511 p. 
Berger, J. D., J. E. Smoker, and K. A. King. 
1986. Foreign and joint venture catches and allocations in 
the Pacific Northwest and Alaska under the Magnuson 
Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 1977- 
84. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F- 
NWC-99, 53 p. 
Booke, H.E. 
1981 . The conundrum of the stock concept — are nature and 
nurture definable in fishery science? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. 38:1479-1480. 
Chambers, J. M., and T. J. Hastie (eds). 
1992. Statistical models in S. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole 
Advanced Books & Software, Pacific Grove, CA, 698 p. 
Gorbunova, N.N. 
1962. Razmnozhenie i razvite ryb semeistva terpugovykh 
(Hexagrammidae) (Spawning and development of green- 
lings (family Hexagrammidae)). Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. 
Nauk SSSR 59:118-182. In Russian. [Trans, by Isr. Program 
Sci. Trans., 1970, p. 121-185. In T.S. Rass ( ed. ), Greenlings: 
taxonomy, biology, interoceanic transplantation. Available 
Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv., Springfield, VA., as TT 69-55097.] 
IUBMBNC (International Union of Biochemistry and 
Molecular Biology, Nomenclature Committee). 
1992. Enzyme nomenclature 1992: recommendations of the 
Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of 
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on the nomenclature 
and classification of enzymes. Academic Press, San Di- 
ego, CA, 862 p. 
Kimura D .K., and L. L. Ronholt. 
1988. Atka mackerel. In R. G. Bakkala (ed.), Condition of 
groundfish resources of the eastern Bering Sea and Aleu- 
tian Islands region in 1987, p. 147-171. U.S. Dep. 
Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F/NWC-139. 
Kimura, M. 
1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature 
(Lond.) 217:624-626. 
Lee, J. U. 
1985. Studies on the fishery biology of the Atka mackerel 
Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas) in the north Pa- 
cific Ocean. Bull. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency 34, p.65-125. 
Martin, M. H., and D. M. Clausen. 
1995. Data report: 1993 Gulf of Alaska bottom trawl 
survey. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS- 
AFSC-59, 217 p. 
McAlister, B. W., and F. Favorite. 
1977. Oceanography. In M. L. Merritt and R. G. Fuller 
(eds.), The environment of Amchitka Island, p. 331- 
353. Prepared for Division of Military Application, En- 
ergy Research and Development Administration. [Avail- 
able Natl. Tech. Infor. Ser., Springfield, VA as TID-26712.] 
McDermott, S. F., and S. A. Lowe. 
1997. The reproductive cycle of Atka mackerel (Pleurogram- 
mus monopterygius) in Alaskan waters. Fish. Bull. 95: 
321-333. 
Murai, S., H. A. Gangmark, and R. R. French. 
1981. All-nation removals of groundfish, herring, and 
shrimp from the Eastern Bering Sea and northeast Pacific 
Ocean, 1964-80. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. 
NMFS/F/NWC-14, 40 p. 
Nei, M. 
1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic 
distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 
89:583-590. 
Neter, J., W. Wasserman, and M. H. Kutner. 
1985. Applied linear statistical models. Richard D. Dar- 
win, Inc., Homewood, IL, 1127 p. 
Rutenberg, E. P. 
1962. Survey of the fishes Hexagrammidae. In T. S. Rass 
(ed.), Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk SSSR 59, p. 1-103. In 
Russian. [Trans, by Isr. Program Sci. Trans., 1970, T.S. 
Rass (ed.), Greenlings: taxonomy, biology, interoceanic 
transplantation. Available Natl. Tech. Infor. Serv., Spring- 
field VA, as TT 69-55097.) 
