690 
Fishery Bulletin 96(4), I 998 
parentheses. Changes in species-group nomenclature 
recognize gender status of the genus (Eschmeyer, 
1990) as specified by the International Code of Zoo- 
logical Nomenclature, article 31 (Ride et al., 1985). 
Institutional abbreviations follow Leviton et al. 
(1985). Length, in mm, is standard length (Hubbs 
and Lagler, 1970). Radiographs for all specimens, as 
well as radiographs of the specimens listed in 
Leipertz (1987), were also examined. 
Psettodidae Psettodes sp. Bennet;ANSP 145394, 
65 mm. Citharidae Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis 
Weber; AMS 1.20118-012, 122 mm. Paralichthyidae 
Citharichthys arenaceus Evermann and Marsh; USNM 
00203510, 69 mm. Paralichthys lethostigmus (Jordan 
and Gilbert); ANSP 143209, 90 mm. Paralichthys 
squamilentus Jordan and Gilbert; ANSP 150694, 50 
mm. Pleuronectidae Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi 
Schmidt; USNM 77122, 89 mm. UW 22792, 224 mm; 
Cleisthenes ( -^Hippoglossoides ) herzensteini (Schmidt); 
USNM 051441, 85, 89 mm. Cleisthenes ( =Hippo - 
glossoides ) pinetorum Jordan and Starks; UMMZ 
159566, 76 mm. Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck 
and Schlegel); not examined. Dexistes rikuzenius Jor- 
dan and Starks; UMMZ 159662, 122 mm. Eopsetta 
grigorjewi (Herzenstein); UMMZ 159590, 66, 88 mm. 
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington). NMC 81-1015, 68 mm. 
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus); NMC 77- 
1087, 89, 114 mm. Glyptocephalus kitaharai (Jordan 
and Starks); UMMZ 141741, 139 mm. Glyptocephalus 
stelleri (Schmidt); UMMZ 159566, 125 mm. Glypto- 
cephalus i=Errex) zachirus Lockington; NMC 65- 
0211, 95 mm; NMC 81-1027, 133 mm. Hippo- 
glossoides dubius Schmidt; not examined. Hippo- 
glossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert; NMC 61- 
0117, 71, 82 mm. Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fab- 
ricius); NMC 80-0601, 31, 61, 63, 77 mm; ROM 
504CS, 73 mm; ROM 786CS, 70, 83, 87, 90 mm. 
Hippoglossoides robustus Gill and Townsend; ANSP 
105133, 110 mm. Hippoglossus hippoglossus 
(Linnaeus); ARC 8808487, 148 mm. Hippoglossus 
stenolepis Schmidt; NMC 61-0072, 100 mm; UW 
22743, 54, 56, 67 mm. Isopsetta ( ^Pleuronectes ) 
isolepis (Lockington); UMMZ 63214, 119, 123 mm. 
Lepidopsetta ( ^Pleuronectes ) bilineata (Ayres); NMC 
61-0050, 51 mm; NMC 81-1027, 56 mm. Lepidopsetta 
{-Pleuronectes ) mochigarei Snyder; UMMZ 159575, 
113 mm. Limanda (= Pleuronectes ) aspera (Pallas); 
NMC 66-0016, 156 mm. Limanda (= Pleuronectes ) 
ferruginea (Storer); NMC 80-0217, 102, 107 mm; 
ROM 560CS, 49 mm. Limanda (= Pleuronectes ) 
limanda (Linnaeus); MNHN 1959-560, 119 mm; 
Limanda ( ^Pleuronectes ) proboscidea Gilbert. 
USNM 268496, 141 mm; UW 22742, 98, 115 mm. 
Limanda (= Pleuronectes ) punctatissima (Stein- 
dachner); HUMZ 93958, 135 mm. Limanda ( -Pleuro - 
nectes) sakhalinensis Hubbs; HUMZ 60455, 138 mm. 
Lyopsetta ( =Eopsetta ) exilis (Jordan and Gilbert); 
NMC 60-0501, 111, 115 mm . Microstomus achne (Jor- 
dan and Starks); UMMZ 159434, 145 mm. Microsto- 
mus ( =Embassichthys ) bathybius (Gilbert); UW 
22791, 167 mm. Microstomus kitt (Walbaum); FMNH 
35527, 135 mm. Microstomus pacificus (Lockington). 
NMC 81-1027, 109 mm. Microstomus shuntovi 
Borets; not examined. Parophrys (= Pleuronectes ) 
vetula Girard; FMNH 97128, 97, 128 mm; NMC 81- 
1121, 39, 61, 66, 68 mm; NMC 85-0025, 53, 67 mm. 
Platichthys i-Kareius) bicoloratus (Basilewsky); 
UMMZ 159667, 117 mm . Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus); 
ANSP 93141, 78 mm. Platichthys stellatus (Pallas); 
NMC 61-0044, 53, 85, 90 mm. Pleuronectes glacialis 
Pallas; NMC 62-0352, 72 mm. Pleuronectes pinni- 
fasciatus (Kner) Steindachner and Kner. HUMZ 
75681, 150 mm. Pleuronectes platessus (Linnaeus); 
ANSP 93145, 66, 88 mm. Pleuronectes putnami (Gill); 
ROM 23214, 28 mm, ROM 556CS, 104, 110 mm. 
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Bean; USNM 
064042, 85 mm. Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard; not 
examined. Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck and 
Schlegel); UMMZ 159618, 91 mm. Pleuronichthys 
decurrens Jordan and Gilbert; CAS 23703, 58 mm. 
Pleuronichthys ( =Hypsopsetta ) guttulatus Girard; 
NMC 74-0242, 64 mm. Pleuronichthys ocellatus 
Starks and Thompson; CAS 82189, 105 mm. 
Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks and Morris; CAS 11403, 
46 mm. Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan and Gilbert; 
CAS 34728, 83 mm. Psettichthys melanostictus 
Girard; NMC 62-2158, 58, 63 mm. Pseudopleuro- 
nectes (= Pleuronectes) americanus (Walbaum); ANSP 
105133, 43, 66 mm; NMC 82-0016, 61, 73 mm; ROM 
670CS , 27, 35, 46, 49, 54, 60 mm. Pseudopleuronectes 
(= Pleuronectes ) herzensteini (Jordan and Snyder); 
UMMZ 159631, 88 mm. Pseudopleuronectes {- Pleuro- 
nectes) obscurus (Herzenstein); not examined. 
Pseudopleuronectes {-Pleuronectes) schrenki (Schmidt); 
HUMZ 75697, 123 mm. Pseudopleuronectes ( =Pleuro - 
nectes) yokohamae (Gunther); UMMZ 159548, 58, 83 
mm; UMMZ 220249, 74 mm; USNM 056359 86 mm. 
Reinhardtius {-Atheresthes) evermanni (Jordan and 
Starks); not examined. Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 
(Walbaum); NMC 64-0756, 103, 119 mm. Rein- 
hardtius {=Atheresthes) stomias (Jordan and Gilbert); 
NMC 65-0262, 97 mm; NMC 66-0022, 39 mm; NMC 
80-0073, 80, 117 mm; NMC 80-1024, 119 mm. 
Verasper moseri [Jordan and Gilbert] Jordan and 
Evermann; USNM 056385, 78 mm. Verasper variegatus 
(Temminck and Schlegel); USNM 056375, 91 mm. 
All characters used in the study are described in 
the Appendix. This list also includes the number of 
steps and character consistency index (cci) for each 
character in the analysis. The character matrix 
