692 
Fishery Bulletin 96(4), 1998 
. 
Table 1 
Matrix of 106 morphological characters for 5 outgroup taxa, representing the Psettodidae, Citharidae, and Paralichthyidae and 53 ingroup! 
Blanks represent the hypothesized ancestral state (state 0). Question marks (?) indicate an unknown state. Character states deemed not 
Character number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4243 44 45 46 47 48 49 
Psettodidae 
Psettodes sp. 
? 
1 
1 
1 
na 
1 
1 
1 
na na na 
1 
1 
Citharidae 
Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis 
1 
na 
1 
1 
na na na 
1 
1 
1 
Paralichthyidae 
Citharichthys arenaceus 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
Paralichthys lethostigmus 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
P. squamilentus 
Pleuronectidae 
Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Cleisthenes herzensteini 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
C. pinetorum 
1 1 ? 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 
1 
? 
1 
1 
? ? 
? 
1 
1 
1 1 
Dexistes rikuzenius 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
Eopsetta gngorjewi 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
E. jordani 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
? 
? 
? ? 
? 
? ? 
? 
? 
1 
? 
? 
? 
1 
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
G. kitaharai 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
G. stelleri 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
G. zachirus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Hippoglossoides elassodon 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
H. platessoides 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
H. robustus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Hippoglossus hippoglossus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 1 1 
1 
1 1 1 
1 
H. stenolepis 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 1 
1 1 
1 
1 1 1 
1 
Isopsetta isolepis 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Lepidopsetta bilineata 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 
L. mochigarei 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Limanda ctspera 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 5 
L. ferruginea 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
L. limanda 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
L. proboscidea 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
l 
L. punctatissima 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
L. sakhalinensis 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Lyopsetta exillis 
Microstomus achne 
1 1 1 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
l 
1 
M. bathybius 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
9 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 ? 
1 
9 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
M. kitt 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
M. pacificus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Parophrys vetula 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 5 
Platichthys bicoloratus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
? 
? 
1 
i : 
P. flesus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i ; 
P. stellatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i : 
Pleuronectes glacialis 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i : 
P. pinnifasciatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i ; 
P. platessus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
i ; 
P. putnami 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i 
P. quadrituberculatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
1 
? ? 
? 
? 1 
? 
1 
1 
2 
? 
1 
? 
? 
1 
1 
Pleuronichthys cornutus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
? 
1 
P. decumns 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
P. guttulatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
P. ocellatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
P. ritteri 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 1 
1 
1 
P. verticalis 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Psettichthys melanostictus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
l : 
P herzensteini 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
l i 
P. schrenki 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 ! 
P. yokohamae 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
l : 
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
? 
2 1 
1 2 1 
1 
1 
1 
l 
R. stomias 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
l 
Verasper moseri 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 2 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
l 
V. variegatus 
1 1 1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 1 2 
2 
1 1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
l 
