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Fishery Bulletin 96(4), 1998 
10 Morphology of olfactory lamellae (Norman, 
1934). 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: olfactory lamel- 
lae radiating around a central rachis (state 0). 
Olfactory lamellae parallel without a central 
rachis (state 1). 
11 Morphology of anterior prootic foramen, on ocu- 
lar side. 2 states, 8 steps, cci=0.13: sphenotic 
forms dorsal margin of foramen (state 0, Fig. 7A). 
Pterosphenoid and prootic join to form dorsal 
margin of foramen (state 1, Fig. 7, B and C). 
12 Bifurcation of first epibranchial (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 5 steps, cci=0.20: distal end of 
first epibranchial divided into two branches 
(state 0, Fig. 3, A and B), distal end of first 
epibranchial simple (state 1, Fig. 3, C and D). 
13 Spines or teeth on gill rakers ( Sakamoto , 1984a). 
2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: present (state 0, Fig. 
3, A and B), absent (state 1, Fig. 3, C and D). 
14 Structure of suture between mesethmoid and 
blind-side prefrontal. 3 states, ordered, 13 steps, 
cci=0.15: anterior margin of upper orbit is in- 
complete, mesethmoid and prefrontal on blind 
side not completely overlapping resulting in a 
space between them (state 0, Fig. 8A). Anterior 
margin on upper orbit is complete, mesethmoid 
and prefrontal on blind side completely overlap- 
ping or sutured with a small foramen present 
(state 1, Fig. 8, B and C). Same as state 1 but fora- 
men absent (state 2, Fig. 8D). The character state 
for the mesethmoid and prefrontal is not appli- 
cable (na) for the outgroup taxa Psettodes sp. and 
Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis owing to the 
morphological differences in this region with re- 
spect to the ingroup taxa. 
15 Structure of first anal ptergyiophore. 2 states, 3 
steps, cci=0.33: thin (state 0). Broadly thickened 
(state 1). 
16 Uniformity of dentition. 3 states, ordered, 6 
steps, cci=0.33: dentition of variable lengths and 
size (state 0, Fig. 9A). Dentition of near equal or 
equal length (state 1, Fig. 9, B and C). Uniform 
dentition as in state 1 but teeth forming a con- 
tinuous cutting edge (state 2, Fig. 9D). 
17 Development of interorbital process (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 3 states, unordered, 4 steps, cci=0.50: 
well developed (state 0, Fig. 10, A and C). Middle 
part absent (state 1 ). Not developed (state 2, Fig. 
10, B, D, and E). 
18 Structure of hyomandibular of both ocular and 
blind sides. 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: anterior 
margin of hyomandibular is not broad (state 0, 
Fig. 2, A-C). Anterior margin of hyomandibular 
is flatly broadened (state 1, Fig. 2D). 
19 Dentition of third epibranchial (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: present (state 
0, Fig. 3, A and B), absent (state 1, Fig. 3, C 
and D). 
20 Bony plates of the branchial arch (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: present 
(state 0, Fig. 3, A and B), absent (state 1, Fig. 3, 
C and D). 
21 Number of rows of gill rakers on fourth cerato- 
branchial. 3 states, unordered, 6 steps, cci=0.33: 
one row, second row absent or very reduced (state 
0, Fig. 3, A and B ). Zero rows (state 1). Two rows 
(state 2, Fig. 3, C and D). Reinhardtius may have 
1 row of gill rakers on fourth ceratobranchial, 
but very modified and difficult to distinguish 
from bony plates. 
22 Fimbriation along posterior dorsal margin of the 
operculum. 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: absent 
(state 0, Fig. 2A), present (state 1, Fig. 2, B-D). 
23 Number of abdominal vertebrae. 3 states, or- 
dered, 9 steps, cci=0.22: counts for Pleuro- 
nectidae taken from Sakamoto ( 1984a, Table 13). 
Less than 12 (state 0). Between 12 and 14 (state 
1). Greater than 15 (state 2). 
24 Shape of caudal fin. 2 states, 2 steps, cci= 
0.50: caudal fin truncate, double truncate or 
rounded (state 0). Caudal fin lunate or emar- 
ginate (state 1). 
25 Position of migrated eye in relation to dorsal mid- 
line ( Sakamoto , 1984a). 2 states, 3 steps, 
cci=0.33: located on side of head (state 0). Near 
dorsal midline, visible on blind side (state 1). 
26 Increase in number of caudal vertebrae. 3 states, 
ordered, 5 steps, cci=0.40: counts for Pleuro- 
nectidae taken from Sakamoto ( 1984a, Table 13 ). 
Less than or equal to 35 (state 0). From 36 to 41 
(state 1). Greater than 41 (state 2). 
27 Foramen on blind-side dentary just below mar- 
gin of dentition. 2 states, 5 steps, cci=0.20: 
present (state 0), absent (state 1). 
28 Attachment of palatine with ocular-side ptery- 
goid. 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: palatine and 
pterygoid attached (state 0, Fig. 2, A and D). Pa- 
latine and pterygoid not attached due to a re- 
duction of the posterior ventral arm of the pa- 
latine (state 1, Fig. 2, B and C). 
29 Gill rakers on first epibranchial. 2 states, 2 steps, 
cci=0.50: present (state 0, Fig. 3, A-D), absent 
(state 1). 
30 Gill rakers on second epibranchial. 3 states, or- 
dered, 5 steps, cci=0.40: present (state 0, Fig. 3, 
B and C). Reduced to just one gill raker at proxi- 
mal base of epibranchial (state 1, Fig. 3, A and 
D). Absent (state 2). 
31 Gill rakers on third epibranchial. 3 states, or- 
dered, 5 steps, cci=0.40: present (state 0, Fig. 
3B). Reduced to just one gill raker at proximal 
