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Fishery Bulletin 96(4), 1 998 
91 Structure of scales (Batts, 1964). 2 states, 1 step, 
cci=1.00: radii extending anteriorly from focus 
of each scale (state 0). Radii completely sur- 
rounding focus of scale (state 1). 
92 Fimbriation along the posterior ventral margin 
of the interoperculum. 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: 
absent (state 0, Fig. 2, A, B, and D), present 
(state 1, Fig. 20. 
93 Fimbriation along posterior margin of the 
suboperculum. 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.50: absent 
(state 0, Fig. 2, A, B, and D), present (state 1, 
Fig. 2C). 
94 Relation of cleithra with urohyal (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: cleithra not 
inserted by tip of urohyal (state 0), most com- 
mon state in bothoid group. Cleithra slightly in- 
serted by tip of urohyal (state 1). 
95 Increase in the number of pyloric appendages on 
upper intestine ( Norman , 1934). 2 states, 1 step, 
cci=1.00: two or three pyloric appendages plus 
one on upper intestine (state 0). Two to four py- 
loric appendages plus two or three on upper in- 
testine (state 1). 
96 Asymmetry in nasal bones (Sakamoto, 1984a). 2 
states, 1 step, cci=1.00: ocular side larger than 
blind side with blind side reduced or absent as 
recorded in character 50 (state 0). Blind side 
larger than ocular side (state 1). States could 
not be observed (state ?) in the outgroup taxa 
Psettodes sp., Citharichthys arenaceus, and 
Paralichthys squamilentus owing to the poor 
condition of the specimens around the dorsal an- 
terior margin of the upper eye. A blind-side na- 
sal bone was not observed in radiographs of these 
specimens prior to clearing and staining. 
97 Mucous cavities on blind side of head (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: absent (state 
0), present (state 1). 
98 Interpterosphenoid bar. 2 states, 7 steps, 
cci=0.14: absent (state 0), present (state 1). The 
interpterosphenoid bar is a medial extension of 
the pterosphenoid foramen. This morphologi- 
cal character can be observed only from a lat- 
eral view, through the pterosphenoid if it is 
thin, or from a ventral view if the parasphenoid 
is removed (Fig. 16). 
99 Foramen on ocular-side dentary just below mar- 
gin of dentition. 2 states, 11 steps, cci=0.09: 
present (state 0), absent (state 1). 
100 Post-ocular ridge on blind side. 2 states, 1 step, 
cci=1.00: absent (state 0), present (state 1). 
101 Bony prominences along ocular-side postocu- 
lar ridge. 3 states, unordered, 4 steps, cci=0.50: 
bony prominences absent (state 0, Fig. 10D). 
Many small bony prominences (state 1, Fig. 
10E). A series of enlarged prominences on pos- 
tocular ridge in Pleuronectes platessus and P. 
quadrituberculatus (state 2). 
102 Bony prominences along blind-side postocular 
ridge. 2 states, 3 steps, cci=0.33: bony promi- 
nences absent (state 0, Fig. 10D). Many small 
bony prominences present (state 1, Fig. 10E). 
103 Bony prominences extending anteriorly onto in- 
terorbital bar. 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: promi- 
nences not extended anteriorly (state 0). Promi- 
nences extending anteriorly onto interorbital 
bar of the ocular-side frontal (state 1, Fig. 10E ). 
104 Scales on median-fin rays (Sakamoto, 1984a). 
2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: absent (state 0), 
present (state 1). The presence of scales on me- 
dian-fin rays in the outgroup taxa Paralichthys 
squamilentus could not be determined (state ?), 
because it was apparent that all of the scales on 
this specimen had been lost during clearing and 
staining. 
105 Bony plates or tubercles on body (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 1 step, cci=1.00: absent (state 
0), present (state 1). 
106 Supratemporals fused to cranium (Sakamoto, 
1984a). 2 states, 2 steps, cci=0.5: not fused 
with cranium (state 0). Fused with cranium 
(state 1). 
