23 6 Mr. Donovan on the nature and combinations 
from the berries, when partially decomposed by sulphuric 
acid, afforded crystals on cooling : in order to ascertain if the 
malate of lead obtained from sugar would do the same, I 
repeated the process on it, but obtained no crystals. These 
experiments were made under almost every possible circum- 
stance with the same results. 
I next precipitated all the lead from the remaining malate; 
the malic acid thus obtained, was again mixed with acetate of 
lead, and the precipitate treated with boiling water as before: 
but the results were the same. From this malate of lead 
the acid was again separated, and the same process as before 
was four times repeated : but notwithstanding nearly all the 
foreign matter was thus separated, no crystals formed. 
Scheele found that the gooseberry contains nearly equal 
parts of citric and malic acids. I thought it necessary to ex- 
amine if this fruit would afford crystals. Scheele’s process for 
separating the acids is as follows. The juice is to be evapo- 
rated to the consistence of honey, the pure acid to be separated 
by alcohol, and the alcohol to be finally evaporated. The 
residuum is to be dissolved in water, saturated with carbonate 
of lime ; the solution is to be filtered, and boiled so as to 
separate the citrate of lime. The remaining brown solutionis 
malate of lime : the salt is to be precipitated by alcohol, re- 
dissolved after edulcoration, and the solution is to be precipi- 
tated with acetate of lead.* All this I followed; but after 
treating the malate of lead with boiling water, I obtained no 
crystals. 
The raspberry was found by Scheele to contain the same 
* Creel’s Chemische Annal. 1785, vol. ii. 292. 
