i^6 Mr. W. Brande’s Observations on the Effects 
The effect of carbonate of lime upon the urine, was much 
less distinct than that of lime water : at times it produced no 
effect, but when taken in very large doses, a slight deposition 
of the phosphates was produced. 
These experiments were repeated upon three different in- 
dividuals, and there was always an uniformity in the results. 
When the medicines were taken some hours after food 
being received into the stomach, their effects upon the urine 
were retarded, but not prevented. 
The effects of many other substances upon the urine were 
examined into during this investigation, but they varied so. 
much according to circumstances, that no satisfactory results 
were produced. 
As it is found in the foregoing experiments, that the effects 
of soda on the urine are modified by the presence of car- 
bonic acid, the following experiment was made, to ascertain,, 
whether any sensible effects are produced by that acid on 
healthy urine. 
Twelve ounces of water very highly impregnated with 
carbonic acid, were taken upon an empty stomach at nine 
o’clock in the morning. At ten o’clock about eight ounces 
of urine were voided, which had a natural appearance, but 
when compared with urine voided under common circum- 
stances, was found to contain a superabundant quantity of 
carbonic acid : this gas was copiously given off when the urine 
was gently heated, or when it was exposed under the exhausted 
receiver of an air pump. 
In a patient who had a calculus of large dimensions 
extracted from the bladder, composed entirely of the phos- 
phates, and whose stomach did not admit of the use of stronger 
