4,0 6 Mr. Bell’s experiments on the structure 
1 . Par vagum , the eighth of W illis, the pneumogastric nerve 
of the modern French physiologists. This nerve goes off 
from the common origin of the respiratory nerves, the lateral 
part of the medulla oblongata ; it takes its course to the larynx, 
the lungs, the heart and stomach. It associates these organs 
together, which are at the same time supplied with nerves 
from other sources. Comparative anatomy would lead us 
to infer that this nerve is not essential to the stomach, as it 
does not exist but where there are heart and lungs to associ- 
ate with a muscular apparatus of respiration. That the sto- 
mach must be associated with the muscular apparatus of 
respiration, as well as the lungs, is obvious, from the con- 
sideration of what takes place in vomiting and hiccough, which 
are actions of the respiratory muscles excited by irritation of 
the stomach. 
2. Respiratory nerve of the face , being that which is called 
portio dura of the seventh. This nerve, like the last, goes off 
from the lateral part of the medulla oblongata, and, escaping 
through the temporal bone, spreads wide to the face. All 
those motions of the nostril, lips, or face generally, which 
accord with the motions of the chest in respiration, depend 
solely on this nerve. By the division of this nerve the face 
is deprived of its consent with the lungs, and all expression 
of emotion. This part of the enquiry will be found very 
interesting. 
3. Superior respiratory nerve of the trunk; being that which 
is called spinal accessory. This nerve has exceedingly puzzled 
anatomists, from the singular course which it pursues. It 
arises from the superior part of the spinal marrow, in a line 
with the roots of the other respiratory nerves. Instead of 
