and functions of the nerves. 409 
The nerves of the face are, first, the trigeminus , or the 5th 
of Willis, and that familiarly called the portio dura of the 
seventh, but which, in this paper, will be called the respiratory 
nerve of the face. 
Of the trigeminus , or fifth pair. 
In all animals that have a stomach, with palpi or tentacula 
to embrace their food, the rudiments of this nerve may be 
perceived ; and always in the vermes, that part of their ner- 
vous system is most easily discerned which surrounds the 
oesophagus near the mouth. If a feeler of any kind project 
from the head of an animal, be it the antenna of the lobster 
or the trunk of an elephant, it is a branch of this nerve, which 
supplies sensibility to the member, and animates its muscles. 
But this is only if it be a simple organ of feeling, and is not 
in its office connected with respiration. 
From the nerve that comes off from the anterior ganglion 
of the leech, and which supplies its mouth, we may trace up 
through the gradations of animals a nerve of taste and man- 
ducation, until we arrive at the complete distribution of the 
fifth, or trigeminus in man (see Plate XXX. B. C. D. which 
are its three grand divisions to the face. ) Here in the highest 
link, as in the lowest, the nerve is subservient to the same 
functions. It is the nerve of taste, and of the salivary glands ; 
of the muscles of the face and jaws, and of common sen- 
sibility. This nerve comes off from the base of the brain in 
so peculiar a situation, that it alone, of all the nerves of the 
head, receives roots both from the medullary process of the 
cerebrum and of the cerebellum. A ganglion is formed upon 
it near its origin, though some of its filaments pass on without 
entering into the ganglion. Before passing out of the skull 
