175 
Sir T. S. Raffles’s account of the Dugong. 
for we had on the same day discovered those Neptunian 
sponges which General Hardwicke has since described, 
and which served us as goblets. 
In form the dugong resembles the common cetacea, hav- 
ing, like them, a broad horizontal tail, and two pectoral fins 
without nails. The skin is smooth, thick, bluish above and 
whitish beneath, with a few remote and scattered hairs. The 
mammae (in the two male individuals examined) are small, 
and situated on the breast, immediately below the pectoral 
fins. 
Head small in proportion, obtuse, and of a peculiar form. 
Upper lip very large, thick, and obliquely truncated, 
forming a short, thick, and nearly vertical kind of 
snout. The surface of the truncated portion is covered 
with soft papillae, and is also furnished with a few 
bristles. Two short tusks project straight forward 
from the extremity of the upper jaw, and are nearly 
covered by the upper lip, which is very moveable, 
and tumid at the margin. The lower lip is much 
smaller, and resembles a round or oblong chin. The 
margin of both lips is furnished with strong coarse 
bristles. There are no incisors in either jaw (the 
tusks above mentioned being more properly defences), 
their place being supplied by the rough bristly sur- 
faces of the palate and jaws, which serve as rasps, to 
