of graminivorous and carnivorous Animals. 
178 2 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
(PLATE V.) 
Fig. 1. Represents the gizzard of a turkey, with a portion 
of the oesophagus and duodenum attached to it. The oeso- 
phagus and duodenum are both laid open to expose different 
glandular structures, but the gizzard itself is entire. 
a. The oesophagus immediately below the crop covered with 
a cuticle. 
b. The openings of the solvent glands placed on a surface 
which has no cuticular covering. 
c. Horny ridges between the solvent glands and the lining 
of the gizzard. 
d. A minutely granulated surface between the cavity of the 
gizzard and the duodenum. 
e. The inner surface of the duodenum. 
Fig. 2. Shows the internal surface of the stomach of the 
cod fish. 
a. The inner surface of the oesophagus lined with a cuticle, 
having small processes projecting from it. 
b b. The cardiac portion of the stomach, the inner mem- 
brane of which is soft and rugous, forming longitudinal folds, 
and having orifices of glands upon the projecting ridges. 
c. The pyloric portion. 
d. The pylorus. 
Fig. 3. Represents a small portion of the inner surface of 
the second cavity of the deer’s stomach, showing the shape of 
the cells and the form and situation of the papillae. 
