of the Squalus maximus. 209 
Each gill is supported on two cartilages, one long and flat 
connected with the spine, the other short ; there is a joint be- 
tween them which admits of some degree of motion. There 
are cartilages which answer the same purpose, as the sternum 
and scapulae of quadrupeds. Those resembling the scapulae 
are connected to the spine, and to them the cartilages of the 
pectoral fins are articulated. 
The broad part of the pectoral fin is formed of a number 
of cartilaginous finger-like processes. The terminations of 
which are inclosed between two sets of ligamentous fibres, 
that form the thin margin of the fin. 
The other fins and tail are formed in the same manner, and 
are also connected with the spine. 
There is an imperfectly formed pelvis, connected to the 
spine by strong ligaments and muscles. The cartilages of the 
holders are united to the pelvis ; they correspond in number 
and general appearance to a femur, tibia, and three toes. This 
part has been frequently mistaken by superficial observers for 
the leg and foot, to which it bears a very general resem- 
blance. 
The heart is not much larger than that of a bullock : the 
auricle is extremely thin in its coats. The valves at the origin 
of the pulmonary artery, are three in number ; besides which 
there are three sets of valves in the course of the artery, at a 
short distance from each other. Each set is composed of three 
valves. They are weaker than those at the origin of the ar- 
tery, and they are attached by tendinous chords to the inside 
of that vessel. 
The tongue is flat, and can hardly be said to have any part 
of it loose and pendulous. 
