53S 
ACTlSOPTERVGir. 
(1839-44), p. 215, pi. lxxiii. figs. 20, 21. — Form, and loc. 
unknown. 
SpTiarodus parvus, L. Agassiz, op. cit. vol. ii. pt. ii. (1839-44), 
p. 213, pi. lxxiii. figs. 11-18. — Oligocene ; Cassel and 
Weinheim. 
Sphmrodus truncatus, L. Agassiz, op. cit. vol. ii. pt. ii. (1839—44), 
p. 215, pi. lxxiii. fig. 19. — Oligoccno; Osnabriiek. 
Splicerodus wiechmctimi , T. C. Winkler, Arcliiv Vercins Fr. Natur- 
gcseh. Mecklenburg, vol. xxix. (1875), p. 121, pi. in- 
figs. 13-10. — Upper Oligocene ; Sternberg, Mecklenburg. 
Otoliths from the Oligocene of Germany have been referred to 
undetermined genera of this family under the names of Otolithvs 
( Sparidarum ) gregarius and 0. (S.) soellingensis (E. Koken, Zeitschi . 
deutseh. gcol. Ges. vol. xxxvi. 1884, p.‘55G, pi. xii. fig. 11, and 
loc. cit. vol. xliii. 1891, pp. 128, 144, pi. vii. figs. 7, 8). Another 
form from the Lower Tertiary of the Jackson River, Mississippi, 
is named 0. (S.) insuetus (E. Koken, loc. cit. vol. xl. 1888, p. 280, 
pi. xvii. fig. 9). 
Family SCIiENID/E. 
Ilead-bones more or less hollowed for well-developed slime-canal 
S)stem; teeth conical and only on margin of jaws; lower 
pharyngoal bones usually separate. Spinous portion of dorsal fin 
much less extended than articulated portion ; anal fin short-based, 
with 1 or 2 spines. 
Littoral fishes of tropical and sub-tropical regions, sometimes 
entering freshwaters. Not satisfactorily known among fossils, but 
supposed to be represented by the following extinct species, of 
which there are no remains in the Collection : 
Pogonias multidentatus, E. D. Cope, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist- 
vol. xii. (1809), p. 310.— Miocene ; Westmoreland Co., 
Virginia. [Upper pharyngeal.] 
Umbrina pecchiolii, R. Lawley, Nuovi Studi Pesci, etc. Colli' 10 
Toscane (1870), p. 78, pi. v. fig. 5. — Lower Pliocene; 
Tuscany. [Otoliths and teeth.] 
Otolithus (Scicenidarum) claybornenxis , decipiens, eporefci n '• 
gemma, intermedins, radians, and similis, E. Koken, 
Zeitschr. deutseh. geol. Ges. vol. xl. (1888), pp. 280-28 1 ', 
pi. xviii. figs. 16, 17, pi. xix. figs. 1-11, 13, 14.— Lower 
Tertiary ; Alabama and Mississippi. [Otoliths.] 
