SCI.F.NTD.T:. LABRID-F. 
539 
Gloliihus ( Corvina ) gibberuhis ; Otolithus (Scitend) ampins, hol- 
saticus, irregularis, kirchbergensis, meridionalis, obtusus, 
and speciosus; Otolithiu (Scicenidarum) elongatus, insignia, 
and ovatus, E. Koken, loc. cit. vol. xxxvi. (1884), pp. 554, 
555, pi. xi. fig. 7, pi. xii. figs. 6-8, and vol. xliii. (1891), 
pp. 107-112, with figs. — Oligocene and Miocene; Germany. 
[Otoliths.] 
Family LABRID^E, 
^ arial opening double on each side. Marginal teeth prehensile; 
vomer and palatines toothless ; lower pharyngeal bones (rarely also 
u Pper pharyngeals) fused together. Spinous portion of dorsal fin 
a t least as much extended as articulated portion ; anal fin with 2 
n spines, nearly equal to and opposite to the hinder dorsal fin. 
Scales usually cycloid, rarely feebly ctenoid. 
Littoral marine fishes with thick lips, almost universally 
distributed. 
Synopsis of Extinct Genera f Genera represented 
by Extinct Species. 
Lower pharyngeal triangular, with tritoral 
teeth having only one successor at a 
time beneath each Labrus (p. 539). 
Pharyngeal teeth small, not tritoral Julis (p. 541). 
Lower pharyngeal as in Labrus, but pile 
of successional teeth beneath each 
functional tooth Lahrorlon (p. 541). 
Lower pharyngeal leaf-shaped, with large 
tritoral teeth, middle the largest, each 
with pile of successional teeth 1'hyUodus (p. 546). 
As Phyllodus, but pharyngeal teeth nearly 
uniform Egertonia (p. 550). 
Pharyngeals with layer of ganodentine, 
no teeth Plalylamus (p. 551). 
Pharyngeals with large ovoid teeth of 
coarse vasodentine Pseuiospharodon (p. 552). 
Genus LABRUS (Artedi), Linnaeus. 
[Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 282.] 
Snout pointed ; trunk oblong and laterally compressed. Marginal 
teeth conical and in single series ; pharyngeal teeth tritoral and 
closely arranged, each with one successor at a time beneath it ; lower 
