540 
ACTIKOPTKRYGII. 
pharyngeal bone triangular, and upper pharyngeals not fused 
together. Preoperculum serrated in young, smooth in adult. 
\ ertebne about 35 to 40 in number, nearly half being abdominal. 
Dorsal fin much extended, with more than 20 rays, of which at 
least 13 are spinous ; anal fin with 3 spines ; caudal fin rounded. 
Scales of moderate size, not serrated, extending over the opercular 
apparatus and cheek. 
Existing species range along the coasts of the temperate regions 
of Europe and Africa. The only fossil in the Collection referable to 
this genus is the following : — 
P- 5526. Imperfect lower pharyngeal bone, rather large and 
massive, recorded by Woodward & Sherborn, Catal. Brit. 
Boss. Vert. (1890), p. 108 ; lied Crag, Suffolk. 
Purchased, 1888. 
The following imperfectly known extinct species have been 
referred to this genus and to Crenilabrus, but the systematic 
position of all except the first is very doubtful : — 
Labrus agassizi, J. J. Heckel, Denksehr. k. Akad. Wiss., matb.- 
naturw. Cl. vol. xi. pt. i. (1856), p 268, pi. xv. figs. 2-4 ; 
F. Bassani, Atti It. Accad. Sci. Napoli [2] vol. iii. (1889)) 
no. 6, p. 47, pi. iv. fig. 2. Notre us agassizii, G. von 
Miinster, Beitr. I'etrefact. pt. vii. (1846), p. 27, pi. »’• 
fig. 2. Julia agassizii or Julis mueuateri, It. Kner, 
Sitzungsb. k. Akad. Wiss., math.-naturw. Cl. vol. xlv. pt. i- 
(1862), p. 487. — Middle Miocene ; Margarethen, Vienna. 
Lower Mioceno ; Chiavon, Yicentin, N. Italy. [Imperfect 
fish ; Palaeontological Museum, Munich.] 
Labrus ibbetsoni, L. Agassiz, I’oiss. Foss. vol. v. pt. i. (1844), 
p. 116 (undescribed). — Miocene (Molasse) ; Switzerland. 
[Lower pharyngeal.] 
Labrus parvulus, J. J. Heckel, loc. cit. 1856, p. 271, pi. xv. fig. 5. — 
Middle Miocene ; Margarethen, Vienna. [Imperfect 
small fish, probably not Labroid (It. Kner, Sitzungsb. k. 
Akad. Wiss., math.-naturw. Cl. vol. xlv. pt. i. 1862, 
p. 487).] 
Labrus priscus, It. Lawley, Nuovi Studi Pesci, etc. Collino 
Toscane (1876), p. 71. — Lower Pliocene ; Spedaletto, 
Tuscany. [Upper pharyngeal.] 
Labrus valenciennesi, L. Agassiz, Ncues Jalirb. 1835, p. 293, 
and Poiss. Foss. vol. v. pt. i. (1839-44), p. 116, pi. xxxix- 
fig. 2 (lettered Labrus microdon). Labrus merula, G. 8. 
