CIPRINIDJE. 
299 
opposite the anterior part of the much-extended anal fin, which 
comprises 30 rays. 
Form, cj- Loc. Tertiary Lignite : Taubate, Province of San Paulo, 
Brazil. 
P. 9012. Type specimen, shown of nat. size in PI. XVII. fig. 2. 
By exchange, 1898. 
9226. Specimen figured in PI. XVII. fig. 3. 
Presented by John Gordon, Esq., 1900. 
I 1 - 9227. Eleven specimens. 
Presented by John Gordon, Esq., 1900. 
Family CYPRINID^E. 
Supraoccipital bone prominent, but not separating the well- 
developed parietals in the median line ; squamosal suturally united 
1v ‘th parietals and completely covering the otic bones except behind ; 
cheek-plates much reduced. Mandibular suspensorium inclined 
forwards and gape small; symplectio bone present; premaxilla 
extended, excluding the maxilla from the upper border of tho 
mouth, which is toothless ; lower pharyngeals well developed, falci- 
form, provided with teeth which are arrari ged in one, two, or 
three series. Barbels often present. Opercular apparatus complete, 
hut not more than three branchiostegal rays. Abdominal vertebras 
without transverse processes ; ribs very stout and long, almost 
completely encircling the abdominal cavity. Pectoral arch with 
supraclavide ; a single dorsal fin, without adipose dorsal. Trunk 
usually covered with scales, but no bony scutes. 
Ihe existing carps and their allies are abundant in tho fresh- 
waters of the Old World and North America. Their extinct 
representatives are known only from Tertiary freshwater formations 
in the same regions. There are no extinct genera of importance. 
Genus CATOSTOMUS, Lesueur. 
[Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. i. 1817, p. 89.] 
Skeleton more or less imperfectly ossifaed, and cranium with a 
fronto-parietal fontanelle. Mouth small and inferior, with thickened 
i’Ps ; ventral border of abdomen not compressed to a sharp edge. 
Pharyngeal teeth very small and numerous, closely sot in a single 
series. Dorsal fin in middle of back, more or less extended, with 
not more than about 17 rays and without anterior bony spine ; 
anal fin short-based. Scales varying considerably in size in different 
species ; lateral line distinct. 
