chattering "tUitlk..." call of Arctic, Common and Little 
TVie latter species however, have not organised the caj__ Ihbo 
one of their normal ifcKEXi ground-threat displays (perhaps 
"because they are more aerial than the other species and 
usually deliver attacks by flying at their opponents). 
The Roseate has an interesting type of ga’-kering, very, similar 
in" form of movement, t as well as in call, to the Sandwich s, 
but it does not erect its feathers so much. * It erects what 
it has of a crest but of course this is far shorter than the 
Sendv/ich and Caso£n)s, though longer than Common and Arctic, 
lofmeftlon "RattJlng 1 * in the Cull-billed T. Is this the 
call or the movement ? Have you seen a gathering like display 
in this species. I would be interested to know about the 
call' which Jensen writes as "gorrok-gorrok" . I imagine this 
is the normal call which is uttered when flying aeoui wita 
ft o.h and on other occasions which corresponds to the "koreet 
of" the Sandwich, the "chorik" of the noses te and the Pischruf 
of the Caspian. Is this your Long Call Note ? 
The existence of head- flagging and tilting in the Cull- 
billed is remarkable. I wonder what the si teutons are when 
they occur. The tilting seems to have a curious dis trioution 
as it occuL in Arctic end Common but I am ora tty sure It i. 
absent in the Roseate. In the Sandwich its place seems to be 
taken by a curious side -to- side swivelling if the head which 
v.d.Assem describes in his Lev.Natuur pa- ei- 
amplified to re. However he has twice seen clear, tilting ( 
to be the same Individual on both o?^alon8) , In the 
hr^^oorreef ‘tbSU'l Cuite toie the beast’myself . 
B' s film ' certainly di ITAlnT.lcT' 
tSat I would search very hard for swivelling. 
T nrr> nort^cularly interested in avUyUe. tne possi oilities 
« * "ipypf “".ss "LS'i „:;h> a*c;; w 
Suuuw° f5hr»ui m Sjl'l .««« 
thiA e y a ^^you^arrive te to make observations 
about tnis , e.g. ** V ht , \ a , I have looked at there are 
™ 0 : f'be^iJ- the Arcfe.c?Com^on type which I think you 
►now with a series of single syllable utterea at each, u-eonc; 
and the Rosea te/Sandwlch type (also Oaepianj wlt^t^ calls 
uttered singly ^"^"SflrctL t^pel fs thl's"^- tossing 
irsoirthffood-begging^ Sandwich type more primitive 
Wnd of fo^-belslng fith „in S s raised (Heinroth) 
Lo Nl bull billed also seems rather dlf 'erent from the species 
I know, as far as I can gather from the Johhny in the Carmargue. 
