Goethe Herring and Lesser Bit ck backed 
Ontogeny of the long cell. The dif,erenfc phases develop ? t aifierent 
times. The last phase j the o int ing up one, is the iirst to develop 
at an r ge of a few weeks. The earlfe r phase(s)j appear la ter, at o couple 
of IBOlfchS. 
Recognises something which he calls theFo inward but it is only 
very brief. It dif ers from the lunch in neck bjeing more stretches out 
and b? ck featkfcrs (?) less erected. Doesn’t know! i oout cerp. joints. 
Leathers of forehe; not raised. 
KKjcmaxg Herring end Lester bit ck backed/ gt(l 1 dif, or in that one 
of tnem w tures earlier 1 than the or. » f Herein g he 
Carmargue, which he lira reared in cr ~tivity, r resemble fuse us in this 
respect and also the ci 11s of the oarrif r . ;us birds in nature is very like 
fuscus and unlike ergente gus. 
Esther , Described the klttiwake' s repertoire of displays and discussed 
the unrewarding task of tryin to homologise them with those of the 
other known gulls. It’s not re? lly as bad as that but there are 
two postures, the kit tiwe king anc moe n-and- bow, which are not at all 
clear and kxsxmpng another, the kek move;, ant and call, w^jb h seems 
quite unrepresented^' * j^urth mare there is a pre-fli^ intention 
with the eye Almost closet which is problematical. Lllckthinfcs that 
the kittiwr.king is the long cell ana that t he : rnpe n-enb\*- b^w ki s the 
me?/ cell and posture of the err in gull and febdin cklliqi, the 
bla ckhe&ded, This might 1 btppose be true judging purely fro® the fo» 
but I am suspicious of using form alone in sdeh unreilted spp. if 
he is correct then the mot ivn must have change d very com iderably. 
for the klttiwake* s moan and bow is the most aggressive posture there 
is end is never used against the mate. I am irepr red to be convinced 
but am not co nvinced yet. 
The relation between the klttiwake * s jabbing (I think you know 
what we m & t a by that) and tbs forward of the BH gull m e a point which 
she di dn’t have time to discuss though i think it might have been 
valuable. What is the relation between thee lures a the hunch ? 
In the klttiwake it seems to be more or less> accident that the \\ 
> ' l , L 
posture from which one bird jabs at a neighbour looks rather like-, the 
hunch. Lor that raa ter it looks like the resting posture too. 
The jobbing se 2 ms to be ar. intention attack or indeed c iM e cturl U tv.ack 
delivered by a species which for various reasons related to cliffunedt- 
ing doesn’t try and peck down on its opponent. In your thesis ybu 
write that you believe the Forward may have something t j do with t\he 
Hunch. I wonder how far you still believe it now. 
/ 
Incidentally this migho be a good place to mention an idea that 
has be^n dawning on us this season concerning the food-beg ing. 
