?:• i , >orly level r orvv.i. „ wn . jts " r«- 
tdul ta" visited a Udfte f gal riy, X could #* that tbs yellowish 
on the bill -~r illy .isappeared w«f a few umIi wtUl the 
tfcii t eon-lit Ion vr.® r© ched * Ac ^opdlnr. to Pithorby too dult 
lUBSrte is aequi re 1 only Mien the alpd is ©bout je«n old* 
Sine® • ■ >ot bPecdln >, s ea &pe in udttlt tnoy i»i®t normally 
breed for the first ti-.e *Ue:i nearly three ye«* r« old* But tm r*& 
it eften tool! t )anreeswmt between the acquisition of tbs 
t. dul I an i tli* adult condition of t, i« ’a B*i ©rts* 
ibs Uotributlen or yellow on the i nvor #.s 41 biu --n ■ roun I the 
i. outli %:■■ .. •-orticuiurly its :»orte nt and uuot • ehare-c tcre ^r» niioriottely 
dlf floul t to 'sssa mumm notarial# Tbs age of sexual 
r.*turlty pp bably war i ea plto a lot. oni inie vino nested wlfc>f 
Is, t# in «9B4 i - yellow h toll Vhl .n w i'-Bult, ir.zv.twr© its 
ir ■ ns fr terln let, recording to ’1 thirty, wow save eat 
i vs! about one year old. A thorough re -©semination with 
: "M . i . 
In edlltiofuft to Xfi'livUw l difference®, it waa f irly 
snsy t tn&uls; I ference® be oen I e -sexes 'in the sdul ts 
: was i viour but m od ii 
in t .v si .e, usv*lo-:-h«ct a 
l 0 civst. sic 
r ±,* 
so -eel* Uy in 
tr.< V-MLo-P. 
r . 
1 Is 
& /V t *s\, 
V &Kl 
<m .focaeps & iiypras®iw?j, if not very 
bo- ntiful. voice, the for .ale a in th i*r* o ’ i '-• *. •' u e --- on?.y 
use?© an ineffective buffing* la ao©e of tbs sarlisr deacri lions 
of .;: vi our the identity of tbs sexiil^H 
beed confused 
he display® of the shag do not see© to ne ve been described 
.beyond a few noted by S-tlot*® in i ' i an c llfiT. -Ibis la the taore 
6up„->ri®in^ ,■ m the b'-ii-^viour is ^uito eo.: on an -I ...nows «, nucivjep 
of peculiar fen tires. One of the bops reaeticable is t,-: t in 
addition to noxml BOBRUBp to collate t f-- ’"pef aount 
the sBfele usini exactly tic ai:ua.f re# with wvilcn be > re faces 
hi® BOuntinRs* These reverse eonuii'tioa# h- va largely led to 
thn confusion in identifying the s<&sc«s and ore responsible for 
t e etateae Ifet t th-- - ar- ■ i-- 1 1 =■ ; $ than 
the ra alee. ■. ' | t ,' v -- 
A further reason for studying the sh-s was tta t it is^ 
relative of the ooraopaat, a *.->eeiee which boo boon studied by 
"'optlrndt * whose behaviour if i ‘pobrbly better tn>nii tn n ---y 
ot -or bird*®. However ^ortiirndt e In teppPt tfc. tlon of tn@ din lays 
la coos what at vi "lance with ideas b®»€ on ther anlaals and 
in • :3eptiouiaP be a^eenrd to overlook' the sgi'Uf •• el ve eleaent in . 
courtship. It ®ee©e- ; weful thersfo e to nother a iff 
the cor! orrnt farily to ns cess the Utitatlon® of the various 
theories. The ?;*.!» object of - y study was tb rej roduetive 
b#b viour. especially terri tori- 1 defence, dr * p 
coral, tlon and neat building. In both years ay observations were 
broken off at the be^inninp ot soon sfter 
