1 1 - 
escape w% thou t any sexual inf) uenc® their precocious t. pm ranee 
If Idas aurpttilfll* t la study of the young will certainly 
n t be made in the cosing season hut I would very much like to 
sake it at aeae later date* 
*i . 0 
A uore da tailed dlsca e s lam of jalr forartlon 
•ii iTi i rn ni rti i» » i M mi i r i ni •.yii rY nn] iniatirir i i n i ' eiB i >« p » T>tiii >1 rmr* -n nw r ii tt fl r ^nwirr~innn) j wi • — ntw i — r'T-* i — ‘Tr ‘TUff r yt ryr - rT~ 1 
Area a on 3 given much t' 
f V;,r: pp- ifa r-'iVft" 
is 1 .. 
tod to watching 
the eourtfRT^lfT the shags. The adve rftelmsWils ; lay of an 
unpaired male was provoked fey f ecu leu { % nd occasionally by males 
until they declared their identity by their reaction to the 
display). Ons might my no re accurately that those shag® 
release the display' which either behave like females, i.e, they 
oa oh the displaying Mr without any of the 
»f a 4 is till e, or else sex lly indetei inate 
far the moment. For example am shag flying past the cliff a 
night release the display, or one flying towards the cliff 
whore the die playing sale was, though either Bight be a male. 
Put an soon as the dixolaytd-at bird showed by his behaviour 
that he we a alec a male the advertising display a topped at 
once and was replaced by a purely hostile form. 
The advertising of the male begins with darting. | | 
his normal upright posture he slabs down bo that his body Is 
almost horizontal, he re 1 000 his tail and crest and coils 
his neck. From this ooafcure, the Forward Feature (Fig. O, he 
srriss of vapid darts, thrusting his head In .the direction 
cf the fecial e and then withdrawing it at lightning speed. At 
the front of the thrust the ram th la crenel widely to flash his 
yellow *1 lantern* ( Selous )y l) The darting resen 0 the 
hostile gesture which l have called Shake Gaping with which a 
broodld* shag will threaten hman intruders or other shags* 
This resemblance between shake gaping and darting li most lapertan 
reflecting the underlying similarity of motivation in both display 
The differences between shake gaping and darting are also 
significant. Firstly the neck is very quickly recoiled after 
darting but realens stretched out during she be gaping, Secondly 
the tall and crest are ?or© erect in darting* The stretching 
cut of th© shake gening looks like an expression of the bird s 
intention to bite, tost is to say of his aggressiveness. 
Certainly shake gaping birds art sore likely to attack others 
than dr r ting ones. The raising of tail and croet are lea a 
clearly the expression of a .pertioular intention than the 
biting is but they do occur in the role of the lower bird 
during copulation. Th© Justification of using these elements 
in deciding on the underlying motivation of the matures i« 
that other Indication a such se the behaviour which follows the 
posture point to th© earn© result. Thus when the female cot.es 
up to u darting sale he aay do one of three things. He my 
attack her, he my accept her (and stop darting at other birds) 
or he may even allow hir to mount hiss as if in copulation. 
