natural. Dr. Rodrigues has an excellent stock ol native 
cattle, and has imported breeding animals of the following 
races : Devon, Hereford, and Red Poll. From the 
hacienda house one gets a magnilicent view of tlie valley, 
as it is situated almost midway between the two Cordil- 
leras. After lunching at the hacienda, I left the genial 
company of Dr. Rodrigues and his family and rode on 
to Palmira. 
Palmira is a large town, the municipality having some 
27,032 inhabitants, and is the capital of the Province of 
that name. It lies at a little lower elevation than Cali. 
It is an important industrial and agricultural centre and 
produces excellent tobacco. 
On January 21st we visited, by motor car, the important 
hacienda of El Hatice, the property of Sehor Cayetane 
Molina. The sons of Sehor Molina, Dr. Carlos Molina 
and Dr. Ciro Molina Garces have established a veterinary 
station and laboratory on the hacienda, a most important 
institution for that part of the valley. We spent the 
whole of the day riding over the estate, inspecting the 
porircros and cattle, and in the evening returned again 
to Palmira. 
On the:22nd I visited the important sugar plantations 
and factory of La APanuelita, the property of Mr. Charles 
Eder. This is the only modern sugar mill in the Depart- 
ment and the second largest in the Republic. A new 
crusher has been recently installed capable of dealing 
with LS tons of cane per hour. The establishment of this 
factory is an undertaking which reflects great credit on 
the owner, since all the machinery was brought over the 
Cordillera Occidental from Buenaventura before the 
Pacilic Railway was built, a colossal work which occupied 
two years. The mill as equipped to-day is not altogether 
a model one. since it has been additioned and altered 
from time to time to adapt it to requirements and to such 
working units as could be obtained. It, however, fulfils 
its purpose and turns out excellent white sugar, which 
finds a ready market. A distillery is also attached to the 
factory. 
The plantations of La Manuelita contain experimental 
fields of new aird introduced varieties of cane whicli 
should prove impoi'tant acquisitions to the country. 
La Manuelita comprises also extensive grazing lands, 
and Mr. Eder has imported examples of the Indian breed 
of cattle, the Zebu, and obtained excellent results in 
crossing it with the native cattle. He has" imported 
horses of the Cleveland Bay breed, and crossed them 
with the native breed with very useful results. 
The garden of La Manuelita also contains imported 
fruit trees and plants in great variety. A bay tree is one 
of the interesting trees established. 
Rainfall data has been kept at La Manuelita since the 
year 1900, and Mr. Eder has kindly placed at my disposal 
a copy of the records from 1900 to 1902, and a rainfall 
statement for this period is attached to this report as 
Ajrpendix 4. From it will be seen at a glance the 
monthly rainfall for the last 19 years, the average 
monthly rainfall for the same period, and the number of 
days on which r^iin fell. 
From La Manuelita we proceeded to Buga by motor 
car via Corrito. This town, as the name indicates, is 
situated on a small hill, which lies at 933 metres above 
sea-level. It has 7,198 inhabitants, the greater number of 
which are engaged in the cattle industry, though cacao 
and other crops receive some attention. 
Continuing our journey we passed the town of Guacari, 
which lies slightly higher than Corrito, being 980 metres 
above sea-level. It has 7,257 inhabitants which are 
engaged in similar industries to the population of Corrito. 
We reached Buga early in the afternoon. This is a 
large town of some 13,561 inhabitants ; it was founded in 
1575. It is nqted for its temple El Milagrosa de Buga, 
which is famous throughout the region, and to which 
pilgrimages are made. Buga is a very important 
agricultural centre, and in its 
vicinity are some of the best 
haciendas of the valley. 
From Buga we proceeded 
to Bugalagrande by coach, via 
Tulua. Reaching Tulua early 
in the morning we visited the 
local market, which is one of 
the best in the valley and a 
very important one. It may 
be of interest to give here 
some of the prices of the 
principal produce on sale that 
day, January 24th ; the follow- 
ing are per lb. : potatoes 5 
cents., ' beans 5 cents., rice 
10 cents., yuca^ starch 14 
cents., cacao 28 cents., coffee 
12 cents., sugar 12 cents., salt 
8 cents., 7 cents., cheese 
16 cents., beef with bone 10 
cents., beef without bone 14 
cents., pork with bone 12 
cents., pork without bone 15 
cents., lard 40 cents., maize 80 cents, per arroba and 
plantains 40 cents, the bunch. 
Cacao and tobacco are grown on a large scale in Tuliia, 
where considerable attention is also given to cattle farming. 
The population of the municipality is 15,274. Tulua was 
an old Spanish town, founded in 1794 on the ruins of an 
old Indian settlement. 
Proceeding from Tulua we reached Bugalagrande early 
in the afternoon, which is a small town with a population 
of 6,114, and is the present terminus of the cart road 
from Palmira. This is, however, being extended to 
Cartago. The same afternoon I left for El Guavito, an 
important hacienda of some 7,000 fanigadas (11,200 acres), 
the property of Mr. Charles Eder. Here I had the 
opportunity of seeing a section of the valley from the 
foothills of tlie Cordillera Central to the river Cauca, 
and also of seeing further results which Mr. Eder has 
obtained from crossing the native cattle with the Zebu 
breed. 
' The Colombian cent, is normally equivalent to the American cent, 
or ^d. 
Manioc 
Fig. XV.— L.v Manuelita Sugar Factory. 
18 
