ALASKA SALMON INVESTIGATIONS IN 1900. 
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bottom, sluggish current, and grasses growing in the water along the shores. Else- 
where the bed of the stream is rocky with some gravel and shingle in places. It is 
full of low riffles and a few short rapids, besides the cascade and rapids indicated on 
the sketch, and the total fall from lake to lagoon is about 45 feet. 
There are no artificial obstructions in the stream, which was followed its entire 
length, and no natural ones to prevent the ascent of the more vigorous species of 
salmon or trout. Humpbacks would probably find difficulty in passing the cascade, 
and a number of them were seen in the pools below it. Many small fry, 2 to 4 
inches in length, probably young salmon, were seen in the upper reaches of the 
stream above the cascade and in the lake in the vicinity of the outlet. 
The Horse Marine stream is referred to in Dr. Bean’s report on the salmon and 
salmon rivers of Alaska, page 183, as the North Fishing Station, and the same name 
is used by Captain Larsen on his sketch map. The report gives a brief description 
of the location as seen on September 9. This stream was formerly good for several 
thousand red fish, but since the eelgrass grew up and filled the lagoon this species has 
abandoned it. About five or six years ago 1,500 red fish were taken from the Horse 
Marine, but during the last three years not a single redfish has been secured. 
In Olga Bay the redfish run early. Fishing commences June 7 to 9, though 
they are not numerous during June; still the cannery expects to pack 5,000 cases by 
July 4, when the big run sets in and continues until the first week in August. They 
then begin to slacken and by the end of the month are not numerous enough to fish 
for. During this season (1900) the run was heavy and a much larger pack could have 
been made had there been more material on hand. In 1896 the run of redfish was 
small, but there were a large number of grilse, and it is said they were all males with 
the generative organs fully developed. One hundred and ninety-five cases of these 
were packed; the flesh was very red, firm, of fine flavor, but more juicy than full- 
grown salmon, and their weight averaged about 1 pound each. It is estimated that 
the following redfish were taken from Olga Bay during the last three years: In 1898, 
430,000; in 1899, 400,000, and in 1900, 420,000. The Arctic cannery utilized all these 
fish except in 1898, when the two canneries at Uyak fished here, and together took 
about 50,000, and Karlulc received about 10,000; and in 1899 the Uyak canneries 
received about 15,000. No stream tallies are kept, but the average value of 400,000 
redfish for the section is probably a fair estimate, of which 100,000 are taken in the 
vicinity of North Olga stream, 200,000 in the vicinity of the South Olga stream, and 
100,000 in Silver Salmon Bay and scattering. 
The cannery also receives a few fish from other places. In 1898, 60,000 redfish 
were taken at Ayakulik, and 35,000 were received from Chignik. In 1900 they 
received 25,000 from Ayakulik taken by Karluk fishermen. 
Cohoes do not seem to be abundant; they first appear July 15 to 20, and straggle 
in small numbers until after the cannery closes. They are not packed at this cannery 
unless the redfish run is very slack, and then only to make up the guaranty. 
King salmon occur as occasional stragglers and are rare visitors. Humpbacks 
and dog salmon are waste species here, and are used only by the natives for ukala. 
The former are noticed early in July and run throughout the season; the latter are 
seen soon after the redfish appear, and straggle throughout the season. There is 
no run of steelheads; a few individuals are taken at times and used by the cannery 
