ALASKA SALMON INVESTIGATIONS IN 1900. 
305 
The hatchery water is recei ved from a pool about 150 yards north of the hatchery, 
which is supplied by three springs (see sketch g) in the immediate vicinity, augmented 
by an additional spring, which is connected with the pool by a ditch. From the pool 
the water is conveyed by a covered flume to the west end of the hatchery building 
and is then distributed, as shown in plate xxix. The flow is regulated at the closed 
end of the flume in the pool by means of holes in the bottom plank, in which plugs 
may be inserted, increasing or decreasing the supply as may be necessary. The main 
flume, midway in its length, is joined by a flume running from a reserve pool to the 
eastward, which may be used if necessary. The water is very clear and evidently 
quite pure, as no trouble has ever been experienced from fungoid growth. It is not 
filtered, but there are screens in the upper end of the flume to strain out foreign 
particles which may fall into the pool. The water is very equable in temperature 
and is said never to freeze. The lowest temperature observed in midwinter is 
recorded as 38° F., and the highest in midsummer 16° F. These are the extremes, 
the average range running from 39° to 15° F. During moderate winter weather the 
temperature of the water runs from 40° to 43° F. — never above the latter. While 
the temperature of the water is frequently taken during the season, there is no daily 
record from which curves may be drawn. The following may be noted as fair 
averages: July 25, 1898, 45° F. ; September 14, 1898, 43° F.; lowest during the 
winter of 1898-99, 39° F. ; April 15, 1899, 41° F. The lake water ranges from the 
freezing point in winter to 60° F. in midsummer. It is claimed that the present 
hatchery supply is sufficient for 15,000,000 eggs and that there are additional springs 
in the vicinity which, at small expense, can be utilized. In the hatchery the same 
water is used through four troughs, and if the annex is used, through live. It then 
passes by a sluice to the small creek under the hatchery. 
The arrangements seem crude, and all fittings and appliances are constructed at 
the least expense, yet it all indicates an intelligent endeavor in a direction where 
there was but little previous experience in the work. Judging from the output, 
however, the hatchery has been very successful, and is a striking example of what 
may be done in this line of work if undertaken in an intelligent manner. Mr. Call- 
breath certainly deserves great credit, not only for the work he has accomplished, 
but for the proof he has given that a hatchery may be operated successfully for very 
little money. 
Feeders, ripening pools, and nurseries . — The redfish and cohoes after entering 
the lake remain in its waters until ripe, a period varying from two to six weeks, 
sometimes longer, depending upon the condition of the fish as thej^ enter from the 
sea; and when ripe they seek the feeders to spawn. In the immediate vicinity of the 
hatchery there are six feeders and springs which form natural spawning-beds and 
are arranged for taking ripe fish, and also several nursery ponds. The mouths of 
these feeders arc fenced and have trap openings, which admit the fish, but do not 
permit them to leave. 
Feeders a, b, and Jc are tightly fenced to prevent adult fish from entering, as 
they are full of obstructions on which the fish might injure themselves, c , d, e, 
and f are spring pools, which have been cleared and improved, opening on the 
lake. The pool c is separated by a dam into two ponds, the inner one forming an 
excellent nursery, d is not considered very good, e is the best pond, and secures 
F. C. B. 1901—20 
