FISH-CULTURAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MONTANA AND WYOMING. 33 
Horsethief Springs are described in detail in another part of this report, and the 
description need not be repeated here. Suffice to say that there is probably no place 
in Montana where grayling, whitefisli, and mountain trout are more abundant. 
Mr. E. R. Lucas, in a note to Dr. Jordan, says: 
On October 2 [1889], I collected from Horsethief Springs 2,000 wliitefish, which I planted the 
next day in Twin Lakes. * * * On October 15 I collected 1,000 more whitefisli and planted them 
in Yellowstone River above the falls. There are unlimited numbers of these whitefisli in Horsethief 
Springs, running in size from 2 to 5 inches. There are also quite a large number of grayling in the 
stream. 
Mr. R. R. Cummins, the owner of the springs, in a letter to me dated December 
20, 1891, says: 
The grayling and trout are just swarming in the stream. I caught eighty-two grayling weighing 
from one-half pound to 2 pounds 2 ounces in about five hours’ fishing, using grubs for bait. 
My own observations, made August 24, convinced me of the abundance of these 
species here. Every nook and corner and especially every deep pool was found to be 
full of fish, most of them young, but some of good size. The whitefisli and grayling 
seem to exceed the trout in numbers. These three species not only find an abundance 
of suitable food here, but also use this as a spawning ground. The blob is also very 
common here. , 
Bozeman Greelc . — This is one of a great number of interesting streams flowing 
through the rich agricultural Gallatin Valley. It flows northward from Sour Dough 
Canon, through the town of Bozeman, and, with Middle Creek, forms the East Gallatin 
River about 10 miles northwest of Bozeman. This latter stream flows into the main 
Gallatin River at Barton’s Bridge, about a dozen miles farther northwest, or about 10 
miles east of where the Gallatin, Madison, and Jefferson Rivers unite to form the 
great Missouri. Bozeman Creek at the bridge in the edge of the town is perhaps 30 
feet wide and will average 18 inches deep. The banks are covered with bushes and 
the bed of the stream is of coarse gravel. The water is pure and clear. The temperature 
at 9:30 a. in., August 27, was 61°. 
Bridger Creek is a somewhat smaller stream, but is otherwise very much like 
Bozeman Creek, into which it flows. At Davies Springs this creek was 10 feet wide, 
10 inches deep, and had a current of 2 feet per second. The temperature of the Avater 
at noon was 00° opposite the springs, while a little higher up it was but 56°. This 
difference is no doubt due to the fact that a warm spring pours its water into the 
creek just opposite Davies Springs. Just above these springs is a very interesting- 
canon, through which the creek flows. 
Both of these creeks are very good fish streams, and are said to be rvell filled 
with trout and grayling. 
Dr. F. V. Hayden says: 
The drainage of the Gallatin is composed of a large number of little streams that rise in the Great 
Divide for a distance of 80 to 100 miles, and each of these little streams gashes out a deep gorge or canon 
in the mountain sides. * * * The valley of the Gallatin, like the valleys of all the streams in 
Montana, is undoubtedly one of erosion originally, and was also the bed of a lake. This lake basin 
extended down to the junction of the Three Forks northward, and the modern deposits are found all 
along the base of the mountains on either side of the valley up to the very sources of the river, 
sometimes rising quite high on their sides. So great has been the removal of sediment, during and 
since the recession of the waters of the lake, that it is not always easy to determine the entire thick- 
F. C. B. 1891—3. 
