72 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Many species of water plants were found in tlie stream, certain kinds being very 
abundant in places. Suitable fish food, such as insect larvae and small mollusks and 
crustaceans, appeared to be abundant. Among the mollusks noticed are Physa 
halei, Limncea desidiosa , Planorbis lentus , and Planorbis liedmanni. One dead shell of 
a species of Unto, probably JJnio undulatus , was found. 
These waters seem well adapted to the usual species of fish of southern Texas, 
no less than a dozen species being found, among them black bass, sunfish, suckers, 
catfish, and eels. Crawfish were abundant. 
About the springs and along the stream flowing from them is a heavy growth of 
trees, including oaks, elm, and pecan, the oaks being densely covered with Tillandsia 
usneoides and another beautiful epiphyte, Tillandsia recurvata Pursh. 
There is another group of springs just in the north part of the city; these are 
called San Pedro Springs, and they flow perhaps half as much water as the San Antonio 
group. The ground about these springs belongs to the city and constitutes San Pedro 
Park, one of the most attractive of the numerous parks of San Antonio. The stream 
from San Pedro Springs, like that from San Antonio Springs, flows through the city, 
and the two come together south of the city. 
The city gets its water supply from San Antonio Springs. Just below the springs 
are two pump-houses, where the water is pumped by water power to a reservoir a 
short distance east. This reservoir is said to be 150 feet above the city. To the north 
and west of the reservoir the land has a gradual slope down to the level of the river 
and lies in such a way as to make it a very suitable place for ponds. The water can 
be supplied from the reservoir and the ponds could be easily drained. 
Just above the main group of San Antonio Springs is a small stream known as 
Olmos Creek, which is formed by numerous springs coming out along its banks. I did 
not learn of this creek until after leaving San Antonio, and was therefore not able to 
give it an examination, but I am informed by Mr. It. H. Russell, who is interested in 
the land, that, in his judgment, the conditions on Olmos Creek are very favorable. 
The land and water rights could probably be had here upon satisfactory terms. 
GUADALUPE RIVER. 
This stream is of moderate size, rising in southern central Texas and flowing 
southeast, by A ew Braunfels, to San Antonio Bay. We examined the Guadalupe in 
the vicinity of the wagon and railroad bridges near New Braunfels. The stream here 
is, at low water, from 75 to 150 feet wide and from 1 to 3 feet deep. The current is 
very swift in most places. The bed is in many places the Cretaceous limestone of the 
region; other reaches have the bottom covered with gravel; in a few places, where 
the current is less swift, there is some mud, and various pieces of Alga] and other water 
vegetation occur here. 
Like most all the streams of this part of Texas the Guadalupe is fed chiefly by 
numerous springs issuing from the Cretaceous limestone along its course. As a con- 
sequence the water is usually exceedingly clear. During heavy rains, when there is 
considerable direct surface drainage, these streams, of course, become muddy for a 
short time. The temperature of the water at 4 p. m., December 3, was 68°, the air 
being 58°. Such fishes as minnows, darters, sunfish, and catfish were fairly abundant. 
Crawfish were also found in considerable numbers. 
