i8o The Rev. Mr. Buckland’s account of Fossil Teeth and 
shape of a cow's pap, a name which the workmen have ap- 
plied to them. There is no alternation of mud with any 
repeated beds of stalactite, but simply a partial deposit of the 
latter on the floor beneath it ; and it was chiefly in the lower 
part of the sediment above described, and in the stalagmitic 
matter beneath it, that the animal remains were found : its 
substance contains no black earth or admixture of animal 
matter, except an infinity of extremely minute particles of 
undecomposed bone. In the whole extent of the cave, only 
a very few large bones have been discovered that are tole- 
rably perfect ; most of them are broken into small angular 
fragments and chips, the greater part of which lay separately 
in the mud, whilst others were wholly or partially invested 
with stalactite ; and some of the latter united with masses of 
still smaller fragments and cemented by the stalactite, so as 
to form an osseous breccia, of which I have specimens. 
The effect of this mud in preserving the bones from de- 
composition has been very remarkable ; some that had lain a 
long time before its introduction were in various stages of 
decomposition ; but even in these, the farther progress of 
decay appears to have been arrested by it ; and in the greater 
number, little or no destruction of their form, and scarcely 
any of their substance, has taken place. I have found on 
immersing fragments of these bones in an acid till the phos- 
phate and carbonate of lime were removed, that nearly the 
whole of their original gelatine has been preserved. Analo- 
gous cases of the preservative powers of diluvial mud occur 
on the coast of Essex, near Walton, and at Lawford, near 
Rugby, in Warwickshire. Here the bones of the same spe- 
cies of elephant, rhinoceros, and other diluvial animals occur 
in a state of freshness and freedom from decay, nearly equal 
