186 The Rev . Mr. Buckland’s account of Fossil Teeth and 
contained also remains of horns of at least two species of deer, 
(see Plate XXIII. fig. 3, 4, and 5. ) One of these resembles the 
horn of the common stag or red deer, the circumference of 
the base measuring inches, which is precisely the size of 
our largest stag. A second (fig. 4.) measures 7J inches at 
the same part, and both have two antlers, that rise very near 
the base. In a smaller species the lowest antler is g\ inches 
above the base, the circumference of which is 8 inches, (see 
fig. 5.) No horns are found entire, but fragments only, and 
these apparently gnawed to pieces like the bones : their lower 
extremity nearest the head is that which has generally es- 
caped destruction : and it is a curious fact, that this portion of 
all the horns I have seen from the cave, shows, by the rounded 
state of the base, that they had fallen off by absorption or 
necrosis, and been shed from the head on which they grew, 
and not broken off by violence. 
It must already appear probable, from the facts above de- 
scribed, particularly from the comminuted state and appa- 
rently gnawed condition of the bones, that the cave at Kirk- 
dale was, during a long succession of years, inhabited as a 
den by hyaenas, and that they dragged into its recesses the 
other animal bodies whose remains are found mixed indis- 
criminately with their own ; and this conjecture is rendered 
almost certain by the discovery I made, of many small balls 
of the solid calcareous excrement of an animal that had fed on 
bones, resembling the substance known in the old Materia Me- 
dica by the name of album graecum (see Plate XXIV. fig. 6 . ) : 
its external form is that of a sphere, irregularly compressed, 
as in the faeces of sheep, and varying from half an inch to an 
inch in diameter ; its colour is yellowish white, its fracture 
