iq6 The Rev. Mr. Buckland’s account of Fossil Teeth and 
of the only five bones of birds I have seen from Kirkdale are 
those of the ulna, may have arisen from the position of the 
quill feathers on it, and the small quantity of fleshy matter 
that exists on the outer extremity of the wing of birds ; the 
former affording an obstacle, and the latter no temptation to 
the hyaenas to devour them. Two of the five bones here 
mentioned (see Plate XXV. fig. 19 to 29), in size and form, 
and the position of the points at the base of the quills, exactly 
resemble the ulna of a raven ; a third approaches as closely 
to the Spanish runt, which is one of the largest of the pigeon 
tribe; a fourth bone is the right ulna of a lark ; and a fifth, 
the coracoid process of the right scapula of a small species 
of duck resembling the Anas sponsor, or summer duck.* 
With respect to the bear and tiger, the remains of which 
are extremely rare, and of which the teeth that have been 
found (see Plate XX. fig. 1, 5, 6, and 7), indicate a magni- 
tude equal to the great Ursus spelzeus of the caves of Ger- 
many, and of the largest Bengal tiger, it is more probable 
that the hyaenas found their dead carcases and dragged them 
to the den, than that they were ever joint tenants of the same 
cavern. It is however obvious that they were all at the same 
time inhabitants of antediluvian Yorkshire. 
In the case of such minute and burrowing animals as the 
mouse and weasel, and perhaps the rabbit and fox, it is pos- 
sible that some of them may have crept into the cave by un- 
discovered crevices, and there died since the stoppage of its 
• For my knowledge of these, and many other bones I have from Kirkdale, 1 am 
indebted to a careful examination and comparison of them made by Mr. Brooks, in 
his most valuable collection of osteologieal preparations. Mr. Clift also has kindly 
assisted me at the Royal College of Surgeons in furtherance of the same object. 
