Bones discovered in a cave at Kirkdale, in Yorkshire. 217 
tion to that of the bears. The bones of all kinds occur in 
scattered fragments. One entire skeleton only of the Ursus 
speleeus is said to have been found by Brucrmann, in a cave 
in the Carpathians, and to have been sent to Dresden. He 
adds, that the different state of these bones shows that they 
were introduced at different periods, and that those of all the 
animals last enumerated, including man, are in much higher 
preservation than those of the bears and hyaenas. 
Thus it appears that the bones which are in most perfect 
preservation, and belong to existing species, have been intro- 
duced during the post-diluvian period ; whilst the extinct 
bears and hyaena are referable to the antediluvian state of the 
earth. In corroboration of this, I found in 1820, in the col- 
lection of the Monastery of Kremsminster, near Steyer, in 
Upper Austria, skulls and bones of the Ursus spelasus in con- 
solidated beds of diluvial gravel, forming a pudding-stone, 
and dug for building near the monastery; from which it ap- 
pears that this species of bear lived in the period immediately 
preceding the formation of that diluvium ; and the same thing 
has been already shown of the extinct hyaena in the gravel 
of France and Germany. 
M. Rosenmuller states that in all the caverns he has 
examined, the bones are disposed nearly after the same man- 
ner; sometimes scattered separately, and sometimes accumu- 
lated in beds and heaps of many feet in thickness ; they are 
found every where from the entrance to the deepest and most 
secret recesses ; never in entire skeletons, but single bones 
mixed confusedly from all parts of the body, and animals 
of all ages. The skulls are generally in the lowest part of 
ne beds of bone, having from their form and weight sunk 
MDCCCXXII. F f 
