2i8 The Rev. Mr. Buckland’s account of Fossil Teeth and 
or rolled downwards, as the longer and lighter bones were 
moved and disturbed continually by the living animals pass- 
ing over them ; the lower jaws are rarely found in con- 
tact with, or near to the upper ones, as would follow from 
the fact last mentioned.* They are often buried in a brown 
argillaceous or marly earth, as in the cases of Gailenreuth, 
Zahnloch, and in the Hartz, which earth, from an analysis 
by M. Frischman, seems to contain a large proportion of 
animal matter derived from the decay of the fleshy parts of 
the bears. 
In the caves of Gailenreuth and Mockas, a large proportion 
of the bones is invested with stalactite. Even entire beds, and 
heaps of them many feet thick, are sometimes cemented to- 
gether by it, so as to form a compact breccia. Occasionally 
they adhere by stalactite to the sides of the cavern, but are ne- 
ver found in the substance of the rock itself. At Snarzfelden, 
and in the Carpathians, they have been found enveloped with 
agaric mineral (lacking); they have undergone no altera- 
tion of form, but the larger bones are generally separated 
from their epiphyses. Their usual colour is yellowish white, 
but brown where they have lain in dark coloured earth, as at 
Lichtenstein. At Mockas their degree of decay is by far 
the greatest. Even the enamel of the teeth is far gone, and 
the bones are perfectly white, having lost all their animal 
* At Kirkdale, not one skull, and few, if any, of the larger bones are found en- 
tire ; for these had all been broken up by the hyaenas to extract the brains and 
marrow 5 and in their strong and worn out teeth we see the instruments by which 
they were thus destroyed. The bears, on the other hand, not being exclusively 
carnivorous, nor having teeth fitted for the cracking of large bones, have left un- 
touched the osseous remains of their own species. 
