Bones discovered in a cave at Kirkdale , in Yorkshire. 223 
reuses qui renferment des os .” Deluc, Lettres, vol. iv. p. 590. 
These concretions with bones appear analogous to the stalag- 
mitic concretions at Kirkdale, and the soft calcareous earth by 
which they are covered, resembles its stratum of mud. Again, 
the resemblance holds also in the existence both of bones and 
soft mud in the smallest recesses of the caverns. He says, 
p. 589, “ II faut en quelques endroits se trainer sur le ventre, 
par dessous la pierre dure pour continuer a y creuser.” This 
is an exact description of the state of the extremities of the 
cave at Kirkdale at the present moment. 
Leibnitz, in his description of this same cavern, has the 
following words to the same purpose, “ Limo nigricante vel 
fusco infectum est solum.” Leibnitz, Protogaea, p. 65. 
Esper thus describes the state of the floor near the en- 
trance of one of the largest caverns at Gailenreuth. “ Dans 
toute la contree le terrain est marneux, mele avec du limon, 
et tire sur le jaune, mais ici on trouve une terre moins limo- 
neuse dans une profondeur considerable. Je ne pretends pas 
encore la prendre absolument pour une terre animale telle 
qu’est sans contredit la terre qui se trouve plus bas, mais pro- 
bablement elle doit y etre rapportee, p. 9. This again is 
consistent with the circumstances of the cave at Kirkdale, 
the mud, thus dubiously spoken of, being probably of diluvial 
origin, and reposing on, and being mixed with, the animal 
earth that had been formed before its introduction. The ab- 
sence of black animal earth at Kirkdale, results from the fact 
of the flesh, and great part even of the bones of the animals 
introduced to it, having been eaten by the hyaenas. 
The identity of time and circumstances which I am en- 
deavouring to establish between the German and English 
