43 ° Mf* Goldingham on the geographical situation , &c. 
In the observations for the longitude, the object 
The sextant by Troughton, in the observations for the 
latitude, gave only a difference of four seconds between the 
results by the objects north, and those south of the zenith ; 
and about three minutes in the observations for the longi- 
tude. Whether the differences in the results by the other 
sextant arose from an error in the total, or from what other 
cause, is not easy to determine. The instrument appeared 
perfect ; but these results, however, show the necessity of 
observing objects both north and south of the zenith for the 
latitude ; and also objects east and west of the moon for the 
longitude. The mean of the results thus obtained will be 
correct ; the objects on one side, giving a longitude as much 
greater, as those on the other side give one as much less, 
than the truth. In consequence, we find that the mean lati- 
tude by Ramsden's instrument is only a few tenths of a 
second different from that by Troughton's ; while the mean 
longitude is only about sixteen seconds of a degree different. 
being East of the i> 
West 
Difference 34 18 ,2 
J. GOLDINGHAM. 
Madras , 
6 th December , 1819. 
