396 
MR. NEWPORT ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 
appears analogous to the par vagum or pneumogastric nerve, f. The ner- 
vous circle formed by the union of two nerves that originate near the pre- 
ceding, and surround the pharyngeal or anterior portion of the oesophagus, 
to the under parts of which they distribute a few filaments, g. The crura 
or cords which descend on each side the oesophagus and connect the supe- 
rior lobes with the first ganglion, h. The first ganglion, a. The anterior 
lateral ganglia, b. Mandibular nerves, c. The lateral nerves of the first 
ganglion given to the salivary vessels or silk-bags. 
Fig. 3. — Nervous system of Sphinx ligustri as found at about two hours pre- 
vious to its change to the pupa state. Magnified two diameters 
and a half. 
2, 3, 4, 5. Nerves of the trunk. 6 to 11. Nerves of the abdomen. The 
letters indicate the same parts as those in the larva in the preceding 
figures. 
Fig. 4. — Nerves and ganglia of the trunk, exhibiting more clearly the form of 
the latter, and the gangliform appearance of the transverse plexus. 
Magnified six diameters. 
2, 3, 4. The second, third, and fourth ganglia. The letters correspond with 
those of the preceding figures. 
Fig. 5. — Nervous system of Sphinx ligustri thirty days after changing to the 
pupa state. Magnified two diameters and a half. 
This drawing exhibits the abdominal cords in their shortened state, with 
only five instead of seven ganglia, the fifth and sixth having passed onwards 
and become continuous with the fourth. The cords in the trunk and the 
nerves to the wings are enlarged ; and those nerves which were, in the larva, 
the first pair of the second ganglion, are also enlarged, and now originate from 
the cords, while the first ganglion has advanced very near to the superior 
lobes or brain. The terminal ganglion exhibits a very peculiar structure. 
The letters refer as before. 
Plate XIII. 
Fig. 1 . — The nervous system of Sphinx ligustri as found in the pupa about 
the middle of March, when beginning to revive from its previous 
torpidity. Magnified two diameters and a half. 
