514 
MR. OSLER’S OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANATOMY 
Turbo littoreus. 
Fig. 5. The fleshy mass of the mouth, with its muscles, the tongue, and the 
stomach, in situ. 
Fig. 6. The pharynx detached, and the stomach turned forward, to display 
the tongue stretched over its elastic cushion. 
Fig. 7- The elastic bodies which form the cushion. 
a. The fleshy mass of the mouth. 
b. The muscle which acts upon its base. 
c. The muscle of the tongue. 
d. The muscle of the sphincter. 
e. The tongue. 
f. Its termination in a spiral. 
g. The stomach. 
h. The muscles of the pharynx. 
i. The earlike processes of the oesophagus. 
Patella vulgata. 
Fig. 8. The skeleton of the jaws. 
Fig. 9. The upper jaw. 
Fig. 10. The jaws, with the tongue and its muscles, in situ. 
Fig. 11. Under view of the muscles. 
Fig. 12. The retractor muscle of the tongue. 
Fig. 13. Insertions of the muscles of the upper jaw. 
«. The accessory cartilages. 
b. The upper jaw. 
c. The muscles of the pharynx. 
d. The depressors of the upper jaw. 
e. One of its levators. 
f. The extensors of the tongue. 
g. The transverse fibres of the retractor, which compress the jaws. 
h. The columnar portions of the retractor. 
i. Portions of the retractor which pass round the posterior cartilages. 
k. Muscles which throw forward the accessory cartilages. 
