to be fired horizontally from a common gun . 11 
In the third day's experiments, the shells used were half an 
inch longer in the sides, and the twist reduced from 48 to 55 
inches. The weight of each was 10^- lbs. including the bursting 
charge of 7^ oz., and they were fired with a charge of i|db. 
The first was fired into the sea at 15 0 elevation, and as far as 
could be judged from the distance of the ships at anchor in the 
roads, ranged about 2200 yards. The next was fired at the 
Martello tower in the sea, at 6° elevation, and at a range of 
1200 yards. It ricoched from the water at about 1000 yards, 
and exploded against the tower. A two-feet thick target 
was then placed on the shore at about 110 yards, and 5 shells 
were fired at it. Three of them burst in it, and it was found 
that they had penetrated about 16 inches before the explosion 
took effect, and the splinters, after tearing away the back 
planks, passed into the sea like grape. Their range was then 
tried on Leith Sands, from a brass field piece. An empty 
shell weighing 9| lbs, with a charge of i|-lb. at 5 0 elevation, 
went 1330 yards : another weighing io|lbs. went only 1200 
yards. It may be observed, that the cone of the former was 
sharper than that of the latter. Another weighing 10^ lbs. 
at ii° elevation, went 1820 yards. No wadding was used in 
any of the experiments either at Leith or Kinsale. 
Some further experiments were made at Woolwich in 
April 1826, on the hull of a 28 gun ship. Part of the shells 
used were of the same construction as those last tried at Leith, 
the angle formed by the sides of the cone being 112 0 . In 
others it was raised to a right angle, which increased the 
length of the shell about half an inch. Their weight was 
about nibs, including the bursting charge of 8^- oz. A 
pasteboard wad, ± of an inch thick, was put over the powder. 
