of simple alimentary substance, &c. 373 
white, crystallize in spherules, and are permanent under the 
ordinary circumstances of the atmosphere. 
Between these two extremes, sugars occur of almost every 
grade, as the following table will show. 
Carbon. 
Water. 
Pure sugar candy - - - 
42-85 
57* 1 5 
* Impure sugar candy 
41-5 to 42.5 
58-5 to 57-5 
East India sugar candy (vj 
41-9 
58-1 
English refined sugar 
41-5 to 42-5 
58-5 to 57-5 
East India refined sugar (v ) 
42 -2 
57-8 
Maple sugar ( v) - 
42-1 
57*9 
Beet-root sugar (v) 
4 2- 1 
5 7 '9 
East India moist sugar (v) 
40-88 
59-12 
Sugar of diabetic urine 
36 to 40 ? 
64 to 60 ? 
Sugar of Narbonne honey 
36-36 
63-63 
Sugar from starch - - - 
36-2 
63-8 
On some of these it may be necessary to make a few re- 
marks. The sugar candies of the shops frequently contain 
minute quantities of foreign fixed bodies, such as lime, &c., 
as well as others of a destructible character. Both the 
specimens of India sugar candy I examined were obviously 
impure to the eye, being of a brown colour and deliquescent ; 
they contained, among other things, traces of potash. The 
East India refined sugar was perfectly white, but rather soft 
and friable, and it did not possess the fine and brilliant grain 
of the best refined sugars of commerce. For a specimen 
of the maple sugar I was indebted to Mr. Faraday; this, 
when I received it, was very impure and deliquescent, but by 
treating it by the process above alluded to, a portion was 
separated that differed but little in its appearance from cane 
sugar. The beet-root sugar was made and refined in France ; 
* In these results fixed bodies only have been allowed for, and those marked ( v )> 
as occurring in commerce, are probably subject to slight variations in their 
composition. 
