FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
37 
male from Nagasaki. A good specimen was sent to us from Honolulu by Mr. E. L. Berndt. The 
species differs from G. maculatus of the Atlantic in having dark cross-bands instead of da. k brown 
spots on the upper surface. 
Galeocerdo ligrinus Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 59, 1838, Pondicherry; Gunther, Cat., VIII, 378, 1870 (Japan); DumOril, 
Elasmobranches, I, 393, 1870 (Pondicherry); Jordan & Fowler, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, 612 (Nagasaki), 
Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 19C4. 940 (Oahu). 
Galeocerdo rayneri Macdonald & Barron, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1868, 368, pi. 32, Australia. 
Genus 5. PRIONACE Cantor. Blue Sharks. 
Large sharks with the body and head slender; no spiracles; the teeth in both jaws strongly 
serrated in the adult, those in the upper jaw broad, those below narrower, straight, and claviform; 
first dorsal large, inserted midway between axils of pectorals and ventrals; second dorsal much 
smaller, usually not larger than anal; embryo not attached to the uterus by a placenta. Species 
rather few; large, slender, swift, voracious sharks of the warm seas. The groups called Prionace, 
Hypoprion, Aprionodon, and Scoliodon are usually placed as subgenera under Car char hinus or Carcharias, 
as the group has been commonly called. Their retention as distinct genera is apparently justified on 
the ground of convenience. 
Prionodon Miiller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 35, 1841 ( glaueus , etc.); name preoccupied. 
Prionace Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 399, 1850; substitute for Prionodon. 
Cynocephalus (Klein) Gil), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1861, 400 (glaueus). 
4. Prionace g-lauca (Linnseus). Fig. 3. 
Snout very long; nostrils rather nearer to mouth than to extremity of snout; no labial fold except 
a groove at angle of mouth; teeth of upper jaw oblique, scarcely constricted near base; lower teeth 
slender, triangular in young examples, lanceolate, with a broad base, in old ones; pectoral fin long, 
falciform, extending to dorsal, which is nearer ventrals than root of pectorals. Color light bluish 
gray above, paler below. 
A large shark of the warm seas, occasionally taken in Europe and on the coasts of Japan and Cali- 
fornia. A mounted specimen from off Misaki is in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo, and in the 
Imperial University is a photograph of a large specimen secured at the same place. A female, taken 
with a hand line at Albatross Station 3801, 28° 31 / N., 141° 47' W., contained 47 embryos, each meas- 
uring 15.3 inches in length. The following measurements of the adult were taken : Tip of snout to 
end of caudal lobe 274 cm., to dorsal fin 110; to eye 23; to first gill-opening 55; to pectoral 65; length 
of gill-area 18; height of first gill-slit 5; of second and third 7.5; of fourth 7; of fifth 5; length of pec- 
toral 62; base of pectoral 23; free edge of pectoral 56; axil to ventral 77; anterior margin of ventral 
17.5; free margin of ventral 20.5; base of ventral 16.5; axil of ventral to front of anal 24; base of anal 
13.5; anterior margin of anal 17; anal to caudal pit 22; base of dorsal 23; anterior margin of dorsal 
30.5; free edge of dorsal 28; posterior edge of first dorsal to second dorsal 63.5; base of second dorsal 
13; front margin of second dorsal 13.5; posterior end of second dorsal to caudal pit 21.5; upper lobe of 
caudal 58.5; spread of caudal 67; lower caudal lobe 37; girth at front of ventral 76; girth at front of 
pectorals 91. 
Whether this species is really identical with the European P. glauca is uncertain. 
Squalus glaueus Linnseus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 235, 1758, seas of Europe. 
Carcharias glaueus, Gunther, Cat., VIII, 364, 1870 (England; St. Helena; Pondicherry; and Port Arthur, Australia). 
Prionace glauca, Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 33, 1896 (San Francisco; Monterey); Jordan & 
Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, 613 (Misaki); Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Jan. 19, 1904), 
515 (Albatross Station 3801). 
