FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
45 
a. Upper teeth simple, without smaller cusps at base. 
b. Teeth alike in both jaws, subquadrate, each with a nearly horizontal cutting edge and a point directed backward, 
Squalus, p. 4f>. 
aa. Upper teeth each with 1 or 2 small cusps at base on each side. 
c. Teeth unequal, the upper erect and tricuspid, the lower oblique Etmopterus , p. 16. 
cc. Teeth equal, very small, and pointed , Centroscyllium, p. 46. 
Genus 11. SQUALUS (Artedi) Linnaeus. 
Body rather slender; mouth little arched, with a long, straight, deep, oblique groove on each side; 
no labial fold; teeth rather small, all simple, equal in the 2 jaws, their points so much turned aside 
that the inner margin forms the cutting edge; spiracles rather wide, just behind the eye; fins moder- 
ately developed, the first dorsal larger than the second, much in advance of the ventral fins, which 
are behind the middle of the body although in advance of the second dorsal; dorsal spines strong, not 
grooved, tail scarcely bent upward. Small sharks abounding in the temperate seas; 4 or 5 species known. 
Squalus (Artedi) Linnseus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 233, 1758 (includes all sharks). 
Squalus Rafinesque, Caratteri, 13, 1810 ( acanthias and uyato). 
Acanthorhinus Blainville, Journ. Phys. 181(5, 263 ( acanthias ). 
Acanthias Risso, Europ. MCrid., Ill, 131, 1826 (acanthias) . 
Entoxychirus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 496 (uyato). 
13. Squalus mitsukurii Jordan & Snyder. “ Mano." Fig. 6. 
We have 4 foetal examples (No. 03752) of a species of this genus, obtained at Kailua, Hawaii, 
August, 1901. They were brought to us by a fisherman after having been removed from the body of 
the parent fish, which we did not see; this example was about 3 feet long. The species was said by the 
fisherman to be common in that region. The foetuses each measured about 4.25 inches in total length, 
and may be described as follows: 
Head 3.5 in length; depth 12; eye 3; snout 3.5. Body slender; head broad, depressed; mouth 
between posterior edges of eyes, its width equal to half its distance from tip of snout; snout broad, 
obtusely pointed; interorbital space nearly flat, its width equal to diameter of eye; origin of first 
dorsal fin nearer tip of snout than base of caudal fin; body entirely smooth, asperities scarcely, if at 
all, perceptible. 
Color in alcohol, yellowish white; upper parts dusky or brownish; dorsal fins pale at base, black 
on distal part; caudal black, tips of lobes white. 
Adult examples were taken by the Albatross and recorded by Professor Snyder, who is unable to 
separate the species from Squalus mitsukurii of Japan. The latter is thus described by Snyder: 
Head, measured to last gill-opening, 3.9 in length (snout to caudal pit); measured to first gill- 
opening 4.5; width of head 2 in its length to last gill-opening; snout 2.4 in head measured to first 
gill-opening; interorbital space 2.4; height of first dorsal fin 2; second dorsal 3.4. 
Teeth in both jaws similar, except that the lower ones are slightly larger than those above; 
placed in 3 closely apposed rows, pointing away from middle of jaw; outer edge with a deep 
notch, inner serving as cutting edge; distance between mouth and tip of snout 2 in length of head to 
first gill-opening; width of mouth 3.4; length of fold at corner of mouth equal to distance between 
nostrils; distance between nostril and tip of snout 3.9 in head; between nostril and middle of 
mouth equal to distance between nostril and tip of snout; distance between spiracles 2.3 in head; 
length of gill-area 4.5; diameter of eye 5. 
Length of exposed portion of first dorsal spine equaling distance from tip of spine to tip of fin; 
height of spine equaling base of fin; second spine 0.75 as high as fin; distance between dorsals 3.66 
