50 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
smallest less than half as large; under surface milky white except margin of snout, which is dark 
gray; tail uniform chocolate-brown; iris yellowish gray. 
This large ray, common in most tropical seas, was obtained by us at Honolulu and Hilo, and one 
example has been recorded by Steindachner from Laysan. 
Raja narinari Euphrasen, Vet. Ak. Nya. Hand!, XI, 1790, 217, Brazil; after narinari of Marcgrave. 
Raja flagellum Bloch & Schneider, Svst. Ich., 301, pi. 73, 1801, Coromandel. 
Raja guttata Shaw, General Zoology, V, 285, pi. 142, 1804, Madagascar. 
Raja quinqueaculeata Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage de l’Uranie, Zool., 200, pi. 43, fig. 3, 1824, Guam. 
Myliobatis eeltenkee Ruppeil, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fisoh., 70, pi. 19, fig. 3, 183, 1835 (teeth), Red Sea. 
Aetobatis indica Swainson, Class. Fish., II, 321, 1839; after Russell, no locality. 
Myliobatis narinari, Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. I, 137, 1817 (both hemispheres). 
Aetobatis narinari, Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 179, 1841; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 1,88,1896; 
Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 519 (Laysan); Evermann & Marsh, Fishes Porto Rico, 67, figs. 4 
and 5, 1900; Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 421 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 
1904), 515 (Honolulu). 
Aetobatis flagellum, Muller & Henle, op. c.it., 180. 
Myliobatis macroptcra McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. 1840, 60, pi. 2, fig. 1, Bay of Bengal. 
Stoasodon narinari, Cantor, Cat. Malay. Fish., 434, 1850 (Sea of Pinang; Malayan Peninsula; Singapore). 
Qoniobatis flagellum, Agassiz, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858 (Oct. 25), 385. 
Goniobatis meleagris Agassiz, op. cit., 385, Hawaiian Islands. 
Aetobatis laticeps Gill, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, VIII, 1861, 137, San Francisco, California. 
Aetobatis meleagris. Gill, op. cit., 138 (Sandwich Islands). (Coll. Wilkes Expl. Exped.) 
Aetobatis latirostris DumOril, Arch. Mus. Paris, X, 1861, 242, pi. 20, East Coast Africa. 
Family X. M0BULM. 
Rays of enormous size, with the disk broader than long and the pectoral fins not continued on 
the sides of the head, the anterior or cephalic portion being separate, developed as 2 long horn-like 
or ear-like appendages; mouth wide, terminal or inferior; teeth very small, flat or tubercular, in many 
series, those of the upper jaw sometimes wanting; eyes lateral; nostrils widely separated, their valves 
united, forming a flap as wide as the cleft of the mouth; tail long and slender, whip-like, with a 
single dorsal fin at its base and with or without a serrated spine; ventral fins not emarginate; skin more 
or less rough; males without differentiated spines on the pectorals, the sexes similar. Ovovivi parous. 
Genera 2, species about 7. Largest of all rays and among the largest of all fishes; found in the tropical 
seas. 
Genus 16. MOBULA" Rafinesque. 
Head free from pectoral fin, truncated in front, with the cephalic fin on each side developed as a 
straight horn-like appendage pointing forward; nostrils widely separated; mouth inferior, wide; teeth 
in both jaws very small, flat or tubercular, in many series; tail very slender, with a dorsal fin 
between the ventrals; the serrated spine present or absent. Species about 5; in the tropical seas, 
reaching an enormous size and therefore not well known. 
The family name Mantidx must give way to Mobulidx, inasmuch as the same name is used for the 
group of insects typified by the genus Mantis. 
Ceplialopterus Dumfiril in Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 14, 1810 (g iorna=edentula); not of Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809, a genus of birds. 
Mobula Rafinesque, Indice d’Ittiol. Sicil., 61, 1810 ( auriculata=edentula ). 
Apterurus Rafinesque, op. cit., 62 (fabroni=edentula) . 
Dicerobatus Blainville, Journ. de Phys. 1816, 262 (mobular=edentula) . 
Cephaloptera DumiSril in Cuvier, ROgne Animal, Ed. I, 2, 138, 1817 (giorna). 
Pterocepliala Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish., II, 321, 1839 (giorna). 
18. Mobula japonica (Muller & Henle). “ Hlhim&nu.” 
On August 16, 1901, some fragments of 2 large sea-devils were found in the Honolulu market. The 
individuals had been cut up and many of the pieces sold. The left cephalic fin of one was secured 
(No. 03556). Its length from tip to eye is 1 foot, and the eye is 1.25 inches in diameter; distance from 
a The name Aodon, accepted for this genus by Jordan & Evermann, was originally based on a shark of the Red Sea. 
Aodon massua, said to have microscopic serrated teeth and very large pectoral fins. It may belong to the Snjlliorhinidx, 
