54 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
rather long, free in front; nostrils close together; interorbital space flattened and with a couple of 
ridges; gill-openings large; gillrakers 8 -j- 15, long, the outer portion more or less slightly expanded or 
enlarged; pseudobranch he numerous and rather short; intestine straight, without any convolutions; 
peritoneum silvery; scales small, of even size; basis of dorsal and anal with broad scaly sheaths; pec- 
toral with scaly flap more than half length of head; ventral Hap scaly, more than half length of fin; 
lateral line continuous, superior at first and then running midway along side of caudal peduncle; origin 
of dorsal nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, slightly behind base of ventrals, the anterior rays 
elevated; origin of anal a little behind tip of dorsal, the anterior rays longest; caudal deeply forked, 
the lobes pointed; pectoral rather short, reaching scarcely halfway to origin of ventrals; ventrals a 
little shorter than pectorals, reaching more than halfway to anal; caudal peduncle rather long, 
compressed. 
This is one of the greatest of game fishes, in the estimation of anglers who have had the good 
fortune to fish for it on the coast of Florida, and will doubtless prove one of the most interesting of 
Hawaiian fishes to sportsmen who visit those islands. 
This description is from a specimen (No. 04982), 11 inches long, from Honolulu. We have 
examined many examples, some of them taken by Dr. Jenkins at Honolulu in 1889, and others 
dredged in the same locality in November, 1896, by the Albatross. Jordan and Snyder obtained it in 
the same locality in 1900. 
Fig. 8. — EIojjs mums Linnseus; after Jordan and Evermann. 
Flops saurus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 518, 1766, Carolina; Gunther, Cat., VII, 470, 1868 (Cuba; Jamaica; St. Croix; South 
America; Cape of Good Hope; Zanzibar; Djidda; Pinang; China) ; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 
I, 410, 1896; Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX, 1900, 513 (Honolulu); Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1900, 496 (Hawaiian Islands) ; Evermann & Marsh, Fishes of Porto Rico, 81, fig. 11, 1900; Jordan & Evermann, Am. 
Food and Game Fishes, 86, figure, 1902; Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 432 (Honolulu), 
and of most authors. 
Argentina Carolina Linneeus, Syst. Nat. , Ed. XII, 519, 1766, Carolina (on the Ilarengus minor bahamensis of Catesby). 
Argentina machnata Forskal, Descr. Anim., 68, 1775, Djidda, Arabia. 
Mugikmoriis anna-caroUna Lac<5p6de, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 398, 1803, South Carolina. 
Flops inermis Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., I, 1815, 445, New York. 
Flops inclicus Swainson, Class. Fish., II, 292, 1839 (after Inagow of Russell, Fishes of Vizagapatam, II, 63, fig. 179, 1803, 
nonbinomial), Vizagapatam. 
Flops capensis Smith, Zool. S. Africa, pi. 7, 1845, Cape of Good Hope. 
Flops piirpurascens Richardson, Ichth. China, 311, 1846, China. 
Family XIII. ALBULIIL-E. — The Bonefishes or Ladyfishes. 
Body rather elongate, little compressed, covered with rather small, brilliantly silvery scales; 
head naked; snout conic, subquad rangular, shaped like the snout of a pig, and overlapping the small, 
inferior, horizontal mouth; maxillary rather strong, short, with a distinct supplemental bone, slipping 
under the membranous edge of the very broad preorbital; premaxi llaries short, not protractile; lateral 
margin of upper jaw formed by the maxillaries; both jaws, vomer, and palatines with bands of villiform 
teeth; broad patches of coarse, blunt, paved teeth on the tongue behind and on the sphenoid and 
pterygoid bones; eye large, median in head, with a bony ridge above it, and almost covered with an 
annular adipose eyelid; opercle moderate, firm; preopercle with a broad, flat, membranaceous edge, 
which extends backward over the base of opercle; pseudobranchiae present; gillrakers short, tubercle- 
like; gill-membranes entirely separate, free from the isthmus; branchiostegals about 14; a fold 
of skin across gill-membranes anteriorly, its posterior free edge crenate; no gular plate; lateral line 
