56 
BULLETIN OE THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Glossodus forskalii Agassiz, Spix Pise. Brasil., 49, tab. XXII, tig. 2, and tab. XXIV, fig. 2, 1S29, Bahia. 
Engraulis baldcnsis Agassiz, op. cit., 49, pi. 24, tig. 2, Bahia. 
Butirinus glossodontus, Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fish., 80, pi. 20, fig. 3, 1835. 
Elops ( Butirinus ) glossodontus, Swainson, Class. Fish., II, 292, 1839; no description. 
Esox argenteus, Forster in Lichtenstein, Descript. Animal., 196, 1844 (Tahiti). 
Albula macroccpliala Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. I’oiss., XIX, 324, 1846, San Domingo; Martinique. 
Albula pame Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 339, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, Martinique. 
Albula goreensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 342, Goree. 
Albida bananas, Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit., 345 (lie de France). 
Albula neoguinaica Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., 350, New Guinea. 
Albula seminuda Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. e., 351, New Guinea. 
Albula erythrocheilos Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., 352, Friendly Islands. 
Albula forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., 354, Tahiti. 
Albida roslrata Gronow in Gray, Cat. Fish. Coll. Gronow, 189, 1854, American and Indian oceans and Mediterranean Sea. 
Conorhynchus glossodon, Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., VI, 82, pi. 270, fig. 1, 1870-72 (Java, Madura, Balis, Sumatra, Pinang, Bangha, 
Biliton, Celebes, Obi-major, Amboyna, Saparua, Ceram, New Guinea). 
Albula glossodonta, IClunzinger, Verb. Zool. Bat. Ges. Wien, 1871, 602 (Red Sea); Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 
LXX, 1900, 513 (Honolulu). 
Albula vulpes, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 258, 1883; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., I, 411, 1896; Ever- 
mann & Marsh, Fishes of Porto Rico, 82, fig. 12, 1900; Jordan & Evermann, Am. Food and Game Fishes, 88, figure, 
1902; Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 432 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 
521 (Hanalei Bay, Kauai). 
Family XIV. CHANIDaE.— T he Milk-fishes. 
Body oblong, compressed, covered with small, firm, adherent scales; lateral line distinct; abdonien 
broad and flattish; snout depressed; mouth small, anterior, the lower jaw with a small symphyseal 
tubercle; no teeth; premaxillary joined to upper anterior edge of maxillary; eye with an adipose 
eyelid; gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; branchiostegals 4; pseudobranchite 
well developed; an accessory branchial organ in a cavity behind the gill-cavity; dorsal fin opposite 
the ventrals; anal fin shorter than the dorsal; mucous membrane of oesophagus raised into a spiral 
fold; intestine with many convolutions; vertebras about 45. Coloration silvery. Large fishes of the 
warmer parts of the Pacific. One genus and 3 species known. 
Genus 20. CHANOS Lacepede. 
Characters of the genus included above. 
Chanos LacCpede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 395, 1803 ( arabicus ). 
Lutodeira (Kiihl) Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afrika, 17, 1828 {chanos). 
Ptycholepis Gray, Dieffenbach’s Travels in New Zealand, II, 218, about 1843 {salmoneus). 
21. Chanos chanos (Forskal). Fig. 10. 
Milkfish; “Awa;” “ Awa-awa “ Aiva Jcalcimoku; ” “ Puawci.” 
Head 4.4 in length; depth 4; D. n, 12; A. ii, 9; scales 12-86-14; vertebrae 19 + 26 = 45; eye 3.5 
in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 4.3; pectoral 1.6; ventral 1.8; caudal .3 longer than head; dorsal 1.25 
in head; B. 4. 
Aspect of a large cyprinoid. Body elliptical, moderately compressed; caudal peduncle slender, 
head pointed, rounded above; eye and side of head covered by a large, transparent, imperforate, - 
adipose eyelid; mouth small, terminal, toothless, transverse, lower jaw included; maxillary broad, 
slipping under the adipose preorbital, without supplemental bone; opercle truncate behind; pseudo- 
branchiae very large; gillrakers fine and flexible, very close set, rather long; bones of gillrakers flexible; 
gill-arches all connected by membrane; lateral line well developed; scales firm, cycloid, with strongly 
marked longitudinal striae; scales rather large, hard, firm, enameled, becoming bony when dry, used 
by the Indians for ornamental work; dorsal inserted somewhat nearer snout than base of caudal, before 
ventrals, its first ray falcate, its last produced in a short filament, longer than pupil; base of fin with 
a large scaly sheath; pectoral and ventral each with scaly axillary appendage; anal similar to dorsal, 
but much smaller; pectorals and ventrals rather small; caudal very long, forked to the base, its lobes 
subequal, straight; base of fin with small scale; ventrals somewhat falcate. 
Color in life of example from Moanalua, silvery, bluish olive above; upper fins dirty whitish; 
lower fins soiled cream color; lower lobe of caudal with some yellowish. 
