FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
59 
Color in life (No. 03222), steel-olive above, side slightly yellowish, belly silvery; centers of scales 
above with a diamond-shaped darker olive blotch, there forming lines along the rows of scales; tip of 
snout dusky; tins pale, not yellowish; base of pectoral a little dusky; some dusky shading on caudal; 
ventrals pale. 
Color in alcohol, brown above, the lower surface of body silvery white; dorsal, caudal, and basal 
portion of pectoral dusky, portions of the latter, together with the other fins, pale or whitish; each 
scale on back with a dark brownish spot; tips of snout and mandible dusky brown. 
This description from an example from Honolulu, about 9.25 inches long. Our numerous speci- 
mens, all from Honolulu, range in length from 3.75 to 9i25 inches. Upon comparing them with 
Japanese examples, we are unable to detect any specific differences. We have also examined speci- 
mens dredged by the Albatross off Honolulu in November, 1896, others taken by Dr. Jenkins at 
Honolulu, 1889, and still others by Doctor Wood. 
Clupea micropus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 236, pi. 107, fig. 2, .1846, Japan. 
Einmeus micropus , Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen., XXV, 1853, 48 (Japan); Gunther, Cat., VII, 467, 1868 (Japan); Jenkins, Bull. 
U; S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1903), 432 (Honolulu); Snyder, 1. c. (Jan. 19, 1904), 521 (Honolulu). 
Perkinsia othonops Rosa Smith Eigenmann, Amer. Nat., 1891, 153, San Diego, California. 
Family XVI. ENGRAULI !).£.— The Anchovies. 
Body elongate, more or less compressed, covered with thin cycloid scales; head compressed; mouth 
extremely large, more or less oblique, usually overlapped by a pointed, compressed, pig-like snout; 
gape very wide, the maxillary very long and slender, formed of about 3 pieces, extending backward 
far behind the eye, in some species behind the head; premaxillaries not protractile, very small, firmly 
joined to the maxillaries; teeth usually small, sometimes obsolete, usually fine and even, in a single 
row in each jaw; canines sometimes present; eye large, well forward, without adipose eyelid; pre- 
orbital narrow; opercles thin and membranaceous; gillrakers long and slender; branchiostegals slender, 
7 to 14 in number; gill-membranes separate or joined, free from isthmus; pseudobranch i;e present; no 
lateral line; belly rounded or weakly serrate; fins various, the dorsal usually short and median; no 
adipose fin; caudal forked. Small carnivorous shore fishes, usually swimming in large schools on 
sandy shores; abundant in all warm seas, occasionally entering rivers. This group is often regarded 
as a subfamily under the Clupeidse, from which it differs in no character of high importance. 
A large family of about 80 species, only one of which is thus far known from the Hawaiian 
Islands. 
Genus 22. ANCHOVIA Jordan & Evermann. 
Body oblong, compressed, covered with father large, thin, deciduous scales; belly rounded or 
weakly compressed; snout conical, compressed, projecting beyond the very large mouth; maxillary 
narrow, little movable, usually formed of 3 pieces, extending backward far behind the eye, to the 
base of mandible or beyond, not beyond gill-opening; premaxillaries very small; teeth small, sub- 
equal, present at all ages, usually on the jaws, vomer, palatines, and pterygoids; anal fin moderate 
