FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
63 
This description from a large example (No. 03599), 8.75 inches long, taken at Hilo. Many speci- 
mens were obtained from Hilo and Honolulu. We can not separate T. limbcitus from T. trachinus of 
Japan or T. myops of the Atlantic. Probably all constitute a single species. 
Salmo myops Forster in Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 421, 1801, St. Helena. 
Osmerus lemniscatus Lac6pMe, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 236, 1803, Martinique; after Plunder. 
Saurus truncatus Agassiz, Pise. Brasil., 82, tab. XLV, 1829, Brazil. 
Saurus myops, Cuvier, ROgne Animal, Ed. II, 268, 1829 (after Forster); Gunther, Cat., V, 398, 1864 (Cuba, Jamaica, Japan, 
Amboyna, Pinang, Mauritius, Port Jackson). 
Saurus limbaius Eydoux & Souleyet, Voyage Bonite, Poiss., 199, 1841, Hawaii. 
Saurus trachinus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 231, pi. 106, fig. 2, 1842, Japan. 
Saurus brevirostris Poey, Memorias, II, 305, 1860, Cuba. 
Synodus myops, Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., VI, 153, pi. 278, fig. 3, 1870-1872 (Sumatra, Pinang, Bangka, Bali, Celebes, Batjan, 
Amboyna, Ceram). 
Track inocephaius myops, Jordan, Proe. U. S, Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 314; Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., 
I, 533, 1896; Evermann & Marsh, Fishes of Porto Rico, 91, 1900; Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 
23, 1903), 433 (Honolulu); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 521 (Honolulu; Hanalei Bay, Kauai). 
Genus 24. SYNODUS (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider. 
First superior pharyngeal cartilaginous; second without teeth; third and fourth separate, with 
teeth; lower pharyngeals separate; body elongate, subterete; head depressed; snout triangular, rather 
pointed; interorbital region transversely concave; mouth very wide; premaxillaries not protractile, 
very long and strong, more than half length of head; maxillaries closely connected with premaxil- 
laries, very small or obsolete; premaxillaries with 1 or 2 series of large, compressed, knife-shaped 
teeth, the inner and larger depressible; palatine teeth similar, smaller, in a single broad band; lower 
jaw with a band of rather large teeth, t he inner and larger ones depressible; a patch of strong, depres- 
sible teeth on tongue in front, a long row along the hyoid bone; jaws nearly equal in front; eye rather 
large, anterior; supraorbital forming a projection above the eye; pseudobranchiae well developed; 
gillrakers very small, spine-like; gill-membranes slightly connected; top of head naked; cheeks and 
opercles scaled like body; body covered with rather small, adherent, cycloid scales; lateral line 
present; no luminous spots; dorsal fin short, rather anterior; pectorals moderate,- inserted high; cen- 
trals anterior, not far behind pectorals, large, the inner rays longer than the outer; anal short; caudal 
narrow, forked; vent posterior, much nearer base of caudal than base of ventrals; branch iostegals 12 
to 16; stomach with a long, blind sac and many pyloric coeca; skeleton rather firm. Species numer- 
ous. Voracious fishes of moderate size, inhabiting sandy bottoms at no great depth, in most warm 
seas. 
Two species known from the Hawaiian Islands, the one here described and a deep-water form 
(Synodus kciianus), described in Section II. 
Synodus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 396, 1801 (synodus). 
Tints Rafinesque, Caratteri, 56, 1810 (marmoratus) . 
Saurus Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. I, 169, 1817 (saurus). 
Laurida Swainson, Class. Animal., II, 287, 1839 (mediterranea = saurus) . 
a. Body elongate, not especially slender; jaws about equal, snout not protruding beyond mandible varius, p. 63. 
aa. Body very slender; snout protruding beyond the mandible Icaianus, in Section II. 
25. Synodus varius (Lacepede). “ Vide.” Plate II and Fig 14. 
Head 3.5 in length; depth 6; D. 13; A. 8; P. 13; V. 8; scales 5-65-11; width of head 1.67 in its 
length; depth of head 1.8 in its length; snout 4.75 in head; maxillary 1.6; interorbital space 7; eye 
l. 5 in snout, 4.25 in maxillary; interorbital space 1.75 in snout; pectoral 2; ventral 1; base of anal 3; 
length of depressed dorsal 1.17. 
Body elongate, rounded, the back and ventral surface depressed; head large, elongate, broadly 
depressed, pointed, with the eyes impinging upon upper profile, and the lower profile from tip of man- 
dible shallowly convex; snout rather long, depressed, sharply pointed; eye well anterior, though the 
posterior rim is not midway in space between tip of snout and end of maxillary, the latter considered 
in the vertical until level with tip of snout; mouth-cleft very large, oblique, the maxillary long, with its 
greatest width a little anterior to the middle of its length; mandible very large and powerful; jaws 
