FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
101 
large, the mandible projecting well beyond snout, the jaws closing; lips rather thick and fleshy, con- 
cealing the teeth; teeth compressed, sharply pointed, in a single series in jaws, some of those in 
anterior part of jaws canine-like; vomerine teeth developed as 2 or 3 large depressible fangs on anterior 
part of roof of mouth; anterior nostrils in small tubes at tip of snout, posterior nostrils above anterior 
margins of eyes; interorbital space convexly flattened; gill-opening rather large, about equal to eye; 
skin smooth, tough, with some longitudinal wrinkles upon lower surface of head; a number of pores 
on head; lateral line complete; origin of dorsal midway between corner of mouth and gill-opening; 
caudal small, roundly pointed. 
Color in life, dull reddish brown, marked above and on side with a number of slightly darker line 
lines; about 22 vertical crossbars of deep rich brown as broad as space between them, and even still 
broader on posterior portion of tail; belly and lower surface of head light, though the broad dark 
vertical bands on sides meet, being narrowly constricted in the center, the edges at these places 
white; wrinkles on throat with dark lines; edge of dorsal fin blackish and white alternately, the dark 
bands forming a black margin on each side of which is a white spot, between which and the succeed- 
ing white spot is a blackish blotch, though only upon the edges of fin; anal similar, but with the white 
Fig. 27 . — Gymnolhorax petelli (Bleeker). Type of O', leucacme Jenkins. 
tracts predominating and without any of the general body color. When fresh the specimen showed 
a bright chrome-yellow area from near end of snout backward between eyes, over top of head, to and 
encroaching on first brown band. Smaller examples do not show this yellow. 
The above description is based upon a specimen (No. 03513) 28 inches long, from Honolulu, from 
which locality we have several other examples. The specimens vary some in respect to the bands 
meeting on the belly, in many cases only the posterior ones being joined. Two examples obtained at 
Honolulu in 1889 by Dr. Jenkins have the white tracts on the edge of the anal very distinct. 
Specimens were also obtained by the Albatross at Honolulu in 1902. The 7 specimens which we 
have examined, all from Honolulu, range in length from 20 to 30 inches. The species is common at 
Samoa. 
Muriena petelli Bleeker, Nat. T. Ned. Ind., XI, 1856, 81, Java. 
Gymnotkorax leucacme Jenkins, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902 (Sept. 23, 1904), 427, fig. 7, Honolulu. (Type, No. 50682, 
U. S. Nat. Mus.); Snyder, op. cit. (Jan. 19, 1904), 518 (Honolulu). 
59. Gymnothorax steindachneri Jordan A Evermann. Fig. 28. 
Head 7.3 in length; depth 9.5; eye 9.5 in head; snout 5; interorbital 7.2; gape 2; distance from 
tip of snout to vent less than distance from vent to tip of tail by more than half length of head. 
Body moderately long and slender, much compressed; head small; snout small and pointed, the 
anterior dorsal profile concave above the eyes; the nape and sides of head much swollen; gape long, 
extending far behind eye; lower jaw shorter than the upper, curved so that the mouth does not quite 
completely close; lips moderately thick, entirely covering the teeth in the closed mouth; eye small, 
about midway between tip of snout and angle of mouth; teeth on sides of upper jaw in a single series, 
rather close-set, short, compressed, triangular canines, those in front scarcely enlarged; vomer with a 
single row of bluntly rounded teeth; each side of lower jaw with a single series of rather strong, back- 
